Gloria Xifaras Clark Papers

1962-2015
13 boxes (6 linear feet)
Call no.: MS 865
rotating decorative images from SCUA collections

Gloria Xifaras Clark was working as an elementary school teacher in her home town of New Bedford in 1964 when she answered the call to enlist in the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project. A recent graduate of Wheelock College, she was assigned to teach in the Benton County Freedom School in Holly Springs for several months, and stayed on to help organize the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party and to teach literacy and Negro history in Benton, Tippah, and Union Counties. She continued on the activist path after returning to Massachusetts, devoting her energies to economic justice initiatives and work with the Friends of SNCC and the NAACP, and diving headlong into the antiwar movement as head of the Greater New Bedford Draft Information Center. After spending three years in England with her family in 1972-1975, she resumed her civic and educational work in New Bedford, eventually earning appointment as head of the Commonwealth's Office for Children under Michael Dukakis in 1983. With a keen awareness of the historical importance of the civil rights struggle, Clark became a key organizer of an oral history project during the 1990s that included her fellow veterans of the civil rights movement in northern Mississippi. The results are available digitally through the University of Southern Mississippi.



Documenting the evolution of one activist's career, the Clark Papers offer valuable information on the Freedom Summer and Freedom Schools in northern Mississippi, particularly in Tippah and Benton Counties, and civil rights activism more generally. The collection includes communiques among civil rights workers in the region, a variety of correspondence, pamphlets, newsletters, and ephemera, plus a small, but noteworthy collection of photographs. Of particular significance among the later materials is a thick body of material from the Draft Information Center in New Bedford (1967-1968), the Vietnam Summer project (1967), and relating to Clark's role in the Harvard Strike of 1969.

See similar SCUA collections:

Background on Gloria Xifaras Clark


An image of: Gloria Clark and student, 1964

Gloria Clark and student, 1964

From the Mississippi Freedom Summer in 1964 to the antiwar movement and her work in community development in New Bedford, Gloria Clark has lived her activist principles. Born Gloria Maravell in Fitchburg, Mass., the granddaughter of Greek immigrants, Clark was raised with three constants in life: education, music, and a passion for social justice.

Shortly after graduating from high school in 1959 and entering Wheelock College, Maravell's family relocated to New Bedford, where she has made her home ever since. Although she entered college at a time when the civil rights movement was capturing the imaginations of northern students, little in her college life marked her as a future radical. An education major who flirted briefly with a career as a singer, she married an attorney from New Bedford, John Xifaras, during her senior year in 1963. That fall, she began teaching in an elementary school in Dartmouth, Mass. Yet despite having just begun a new life and new career, Clark stepped out of her familiar surroundings into the struggle for civil rights in the deep South.

Like many young northerners, Clark was attracted to the movement through Mississippi Freedom Summer, a project organized by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), which included both the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). As a key component of what was essentially a massive voter registration drive in Mississippi, activists envisioned a network of schools around the state that would both educate and activate. Eventually numbering more than forty, these "Freedom Schools" supplemented traditional elementary and high school curricula with units in African American history, a radical exploration of the socioeconomic and political context of race relations in America, and a call for political engagement.

Clark trained for Freedom Summer in Memphis, Tenn., and was assigned to work in Holly Springs during the summer 1964. While teaching in the Benton County Freedom Schools, she became an organizer for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, expanding her scope from Benton to Tippah and Union Counties, and she traveled to the Democratic National Convention that fall in Atlantic City, N.J., to support the Party. Despite witnessing the violence of the backlash against the movement, including the burning of a Tippah County church whose pastor allowed it to host a speech by Fannie Lou Hamer, Clark remained in Mississippi until January 1965, teaching literacy and African American history, working for SNCC, and organizing the Freedom House Library.

When she finally returned home to Massachusetts, Clark's commitment to the movement stayed true to course. In addition to working for the Friends of SNCC in Cambridge and Boston, she led the newly-formed youth chapter of the NAACP in New Bedford from 1965-1968 and was active in the city in civil rights and voter registration work. As opposition to the War in Vietnam took on an increasing urgency in 1967 and 1968, she immersed herself in the antiwar movement, helping to organize the Vietnam Summer and becoming a leader in the Greater New Bedford Committee to End the War in Vietnam and the Greater New Bedford Draft Information Center. Her return to school to pursue a master's degree in education at Harvard barely impeded her: at Harvard, she took part in the iconic strike of 1969, when students organized by the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) occupied University Hall, eliciting a furious response from the university president, who demanded their expulsion and arrest, and an even more furious response from the police.

In 1972, Clark moved to England with her new (second) husband Edward Clark and her two young children. In some ways, her three years abroad marked a turning point, though hardly a lessening of her social commitments. Returning home after working as a research assistant in Oxford and an adult education teacher in London, she turned her energies toward community development, working through -- and for -- the city and state governments. Her career included a stint under Governor Michael Dukakis as the Commissioner of the Office for Children in Massachusetts (1983-1986); service as Assistant for Human Services to the Mayor of New Bedford and Director of the Drug Free Community Partnership (1987-1992); and a lengthy term as Executive Director of the Advocacy Resource Center of Greater New Bedford (1992-2005), advocating for the needs of persons with developmental disabilities. As a consultant since, Clark has provided a wide range of services for non-profit organizations, including support in fundraising, grant writing, community needs assessment, and organizational and managerial policy.

As the thirtieth anniversary of Mississippi Freedom Summer wound down in 1995, Clark and several fellow veterans of the civil rights movement organized a large-scale project that resulted in over 50 oral history interviews documenting the movement in northern Mississippi.

Scope of collection

The papers of Gloria Xifaras Clark are an exceptional legacy from a life of civil rights and antiwar activism. Documenting the evolution of one activist's career, the Clark Papers offer valuable information on the Freedom Summer and Freedom Schools in northern Mississippi, particularly in Tippah and Benton Counties, and civil rights activism more generally. The collection includes communiques among civil rights workers in the region, a variety of correspondence, pamphlets, newsletters, and ephemera, plus a small, but noteworthy collection of photographs. Of particular significance among the later materials is a thick body of material from the Draft Information Center in New Bedford (1967-1968), the Vietnam Summer project (1967), and relating to Clark's role in the Harvard Strike of 1969.

Series descriptions

1964-2015
4 boxes

While serving as coordinator of the Benton County Freedom School in Holly Springs, Miss., during the Mississippi Freedom Summer, 1964-1965, Clark accumulated a wealth of correspondence, communiques, and other materials documenting the civil rights work in which she and her colleagues in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the Congress of Racial Equality, and the Council of Federated Organizations were engaged. Of particular note are materials connected with her work in the Freedom School, including lesson plans and curricula; materials relating to the organization of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, and a number of reports from other colleagues and schools operating in northern Mississippi. After leaving the south early in 1965, Clark also maintained a substantial correspondence with colleagues and friends in the movement, northern and southern, and since the 1990s, she has been involved in several reunions.

The series also includes letters and ephemera relating from Clark's friend and Civil Rights colleague, Marjorie Merrill, including newsletters from Freedom Summer, a flier for a talk at Antioch Church by Fannie Lou Hamer, and newsclippings and other material relating to Antioch Church after it was burned to the ground to prevent Hamer's talk.

To supplement the series, we include links to digitized oral histories conducted by Clark between 1995 and 2003 with fellow veterans of the civil rights movement. The original recordings are held in the Oral History Archives at the University of Southern Mississippi.

The materials in Series 2 document Clark's work in community organizing, education, and particularly, her work in opposition to the War in Vietnam. The series reflects Clark's activity in Cambridge and New Bedford, and includes exceptional content documenting Vietnam Summer, the Greater New Bedford Draft Information Center, the Greater New Bedford Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and similar organizations. As a graduate student in education at Harvard, Clark was also an ardent participant in the Harvard Strike of 1969, and the series includes important, though less thorough documentation of her activity in the feminist movement, with the Job Corps in New Bedford (1965-1966), and some of her political work in the 1960s.

Documentation of Clark's career after her return from England in 1975 is comparatively sparse, however there are is some record of her work with the Office for Children and her consultancies for community organizations in New Bedford.

1958-1983
6 boxes

Series 3 consists primarily of correspondence between Clark and several friends from high school and college, along with miscellaneous records of her education at Wheelock College and Harvard.

1954-2000
1 box

During her time in Mississippi, Clark took a number of photographs of the Benton County Freedom School in Holly Springs, her students, and fellow civil rights workers, as well as an important series of images of the attempts to get delegates of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party seated at the Democratic National Convention in 1964. Also included are images of Clark from high school and College through her work with the Massachusetts Office for Children.

The series also includes 34 images from Clark's colleague and friend, Marjorie Merrill, during Mississippi Freedom Summer.

Series 5 contains a small assortment of published works kept by Clark relating to the civil rights movement, antiwar activism, and other areas of interest.

Inventory

Series 1. Mississippi
1964-2015
Gloria Xifaras Clark material
1964-2015
Alabama: English, Edward, "This is America" [Alabama SNCC]
ca.1965
Box 1: 4
Alabama: Join the County Freedom Organization
ca.1966
Box 17: 1
Alabama: Lowndes County Freedom Organization
ca.1966
Box 1: 5
Alabama: news clippings
1966
Box 1: 6
Alabama: news clippings
1991
Box 1: 7
1994-2000
Box 1: 9
Allen, Pamela Chude: Freedom School report [copy]
1966 July 18
Box 1: 11
Burner, Eric R.: "And gently he shall lead them: Robert Parris Moses and Civil Rights in Mississippi, pp. 1-135
1993
Box 1: 14
Burner, Eric R.: "And gently he shall lead them: Robert Parris Moses and Civil Rights in Mississippi, pp. 136-268
1993
Box 1: 15
ca.2000
Box 1: 17
Church burnings: news clippings [copies]
1964
Box 1: 19
Church burnings: news clippings [copies]
2015
Box 1: 20
Church burnings: Scott, Burrell et al., "The rebuiliding of the Antioch Missionary Baptist Church, Blue Mountain, Mississippi"
1998
Box 1: 21
Cieciorka, Frank: Holly Springs: Activity Report
1964 October
Box 3: 3
Civil Rights Act
1964
Box 1: 22
Civil Rights: miscellaneous reading
1998-2000
Box :
Clark, Gloria Xifaras: Notebook
1964
Box : 4
Clark, Gloria Xifaras; Koenig, Ruth; Yancey, Wayne: Holly Springs: Accomplishments
1966 July 20
Box 3: 2
Clark, Gloria Xifaras: Oral history with Judith Hudson
1999
Box :
Colom Report [newsletter]
2000
Box :
Correspondence: Alexander, Burne L.
1964
Box 2: 1
Correspondence: Flick Ash, J. M.
2000
Box 2:
1965-1966
Box 2: 36
Correspondence: Zellner, Bob
1965
Box :
Council of Federal Organization
ca.1964
Box 17: 2
Fan depicting Martin Luther King. Foster and Son Funeral Home, Ripley Miss.
ca.1994
Box 17: 6
Fan, "Family Devotion" depicting African-American parents and daughter, southern funeral home
ca.1964
Box 17: 7
Flynn, Deborah: Mississippi Summer Project
1964
Box 2: 42
Flynn, Deborah: "Seeds of Freedom" [play]
1964
Box 17: 3
Freedom Democratic Club of Illinois: A platform for freedom
1964
Box 2: 43
Freedom Information Service: Mississippi: Public Welfare in Mississippi
ca.1964
Box 2: 40
Freedom Schools
1964-1967
Box : 44
Freedom Schools: Books and films needed for Mississippi libraries
1964
Box 2: 45
Freedom Schools: COFO, profiles of typical freedom schools (Hattiesburg, Meridian, Holly Springs, Ruleville)
1964
Box 2: 47
Freedom Schools: Curricula: The American Revolution
1964
Box 17: 4
Freedom Schools: Curricula: What you should know -- American Negro History
ca.1964
Box 17: 5
Freedom Schools: lesson plans for the unit of Mississippi politics
1964
Box 2: 51
1965 Feb. 27
Box 2: 54
Hillegas, Jan [New Mississippi Newsletter]
1998-2000
Box :
1964-1966
Box 3: 1
Holly Springs: The Bearcat [Rust College]
1964 July 29
Box 17: 8
Holly Spring Black Business Directory
2000
Box :
Holly Springs: District Conference and Missionary Institute [program]
1964
Box 3: 6
1966 Feb. 21
Box 3: 8
Holly Springs: The Gang Letter to "Fellow Warriors"
ca.1964 August
Box 17: 9
Holly Springs: Holly Springs since Letter to a "Friend"
1966 Aug. 14
Box 3: 10
Holly Springs: key to the city
undated
Box 18:
Holly Springs: Petition to the Attorney General of the United States et. Al.
1965
Box 3: 13
Holly Springs: Petition to the Mayor of Holly Springs
1965 Nov. 13
Box 17: 10
Holly Springs: Press Coverage [copies]
1964/1965
Box 3: 14
Holly Spring reunion
2003
Box :
Jencks, Christopher: Mississippi: From Coercion to Conversion [New Republic]
1964
Box : 32
Jordan, Elsie: Senior thesis (Yale University) re: civil rights in northern Mississippi
ca.2003
Box :
Kendall, David: FBI file
2003
Box :
Kendall, David: Holly Springs: Activity Report for Tate County
1964 July 25
Box : 4
Koenig, Ruth
undated
Box 17: 11
Koenig, Ruth Diary
1966
Box 17: 12
1964
Box 3: 20
Martin Luther King. . . at Communist Training School from Alert Americans Association
1936
Box 3: 21
Nasif, Marian: Holly Springs
ca.1965
Box 3: 12
Mississippi articles on Freedom Summer
1994
Box 3: 22
Mississippi Brochures
1965
Box 3: 23
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Congressional Challenge Reports
1965
Box 3: 29
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Congressional Challenge: Massachusetts Ad Hoc Committee
1965
Box 17: 16
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Congressional Challenge: Massachusetts Ad Hoc Committee Newsletter
1965
Box 17: 17
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Congressional Challenge: MFDP Washington Report on the Challenge
1965
Box 17: 18
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Congressional Challenge: The Voting Record of the Challenged Congressmen from Mississippi
ca.1965
Box 3: 31
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Congressional Challenge: Tippah County Meeting Notes [copy, original location unknown]
1965/1967
Box 17: 19
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Press Release: Clifton R. Whitley Candidate for US Senate
1966
Box 3: 32
Mississippi Freedom Project: What You Can Do
1964
Box 3: 31
Mississippi Humanities Council grant: "Holly Springs and North Mississippi celebrate Civil Rights"
2001-2003
Box :
Mississippi Information
ca.1964
Box 17: 13
Mississippi News clippings
1964-1965
Box 3: 38
Mississippi: Power Structure
ca.1964
Box : 36
Mississippi Printed Material
1963
Box 3: 39
Mississippi Revisited
1996
Box 3: 41
Mississippi Security Handbook
1964
Box 3: 42
Mississippi: A Message from Mississippi: Help us Unseat the "Congressmen" We Never Voted For
1964
Box 3: 35
Mississippi: Council of Federated Organizations; Mississippi: Handbook for Political Programs
1964
Box 3: 24
Mississippi: Freedom Democratic Party Congressional Challenge
1964/1965
Box 17: 15
Mississippi: Genocide in Mississippi
ca.1964
Box 3: 33
Mississippi: Information
ca.1964
Box 3: 34
Mississippi: miscellaneous
1964-1998
Box 3: 45
Mississippi: Printed Material
1963/2002
Box 17: 20
Mississippi: The Medical Committee for Human Rights (Tougaloo Conference Report)
1964 August 16
Box 17: 14
Mississippi: Voter Registration Laws in Mississippi: Subversion of the Fifteenth Amendment in Mississippi
ca.1964
Box 3: 44
Muste, A.J.: Mississippi: "Rifle Squads of the Beloved Community" Liberation
1964
Box : 37
Newsletters: Benton-York Project Monthly Newsletters
1964/1965
Box 17: 21
Newsletters: Boston County Freedom Train 1:1, 1:2, 2:2, 2:3
1964
Box 4: 1
Newsletters: Voices of Tippah
1965
Box 4: 3
North Mississippi Oral History and Archives Project, Rust College
1997-2000
Box :
North Mississippi Oral History and Archives Project, Rust College: Mississippi Humanities Council frant
2000-2001
Box :
North Mississippi Oral History and Archives Project, Rust College: proposal to Wil Colom
2000
Box :
1995/2001
Box 4: 6
Cieciorka, Bobbi: Rape of Justice [cartoon]
ca.1964
Box : 23
Register to Vote on Freedom Day
ca.1964
Box : 16
Remembering Dr. King: Fifth Annual Memorial Service, Foster's Chapel, Ripley, Miss.
1990
Box : 17
Rust College: National African American Student Leadership Conference
1998
Box 4: 20
Rust College: New Beginnings: Campaign for the New Millennium
ca.2000
Box :
SNCC de-emphasizes integration as goal [AP Wire Photo]
ca.1964 June
Box 4: 22
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
1965/1966
Box 17: 22
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: 40th anniversary
2000
Box :
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: Boston Friends
1965/1967
Box 17: 23
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: Case-study: statements of discipline of non-violent movements
ca.1966
Box :
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: Circular letters
1965-1966
Box :
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: Comments by Stokely Carmichael
1966
Box :
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: Grass Roots Organizing Work (GROW)
ca.1966
Box :
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: news clippings
1963-1964
Box :
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: Nitty Gritty, vol. 1, no. 1
1966
Box :
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: President Johnson and the right to vote
ca.1965
Box :
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: SNCC Freedom Singers
ca.1966
Box :
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: Song sheet
ca.1966
Box :
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: "Two Incidents of Arrest and Imprisonment in Mississippi"
1964 May
Box 4: 23
Student Voice
1964/1965
Box 4: 24
1964/2002
Box 4: 25
University of Southern Mississippi Oral History Archives
2014
Box :
Voices of the Movement
1996
Box : 1
Walker, Rita: Holly Springs: "Life in Mississippi: Negro Motherhood"
ca.1965
Box : 16
Walker, Rita: Holly Springs: "Meeting the Freedom Workers"
ca.1964
Box : 17
Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS) reports and incident reports
1964 June/1965 May
Box : 2
Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS) reports and incident reports [highlighted for Holly Springs]
1964 June/1965 May
Box : 3
Yancey, Wayne
1964-
Box : 5
Young Americans for Freedom: Report on the Left
1964 December
Box : 6
Young, Carl: Essays on Mississippi: America's Only Police State [incomplete]
1964
Box : 7
Jackson, Shirley: "Charles"
undated
Box : 18
Marjorie Merrill materials
1995-2003
Benton County Freedom (newsletter), vol.2, no. 31-32
1965 June
2 issues
Box :
Benton-York Project
1964
Box :
Benton-York Project Monthly Newsletter, vol. 1, no. 1
1964
Box :
Cieciorka, Frank: Statement on Voter Registration Project (COFO)
1964
Box :
Correspondence: Clark, Gloria Xifaras
1993
Box :
Correspondence: Hill, Myrtle
1965, 1977
Box :
Correspondence: Johnson, Janis
1965
Box :
Correspondence: Knox, Elizabeth
1993
Box :
Correspondence: Maynard, Robert C.
1964, 1988
Box :
Correspondence: McAfee, Kathy
1965
Box :
Correspondence: Rogers, Annie
1974
Box :
Freedom School poetry, by Walter Rooks, Stephen Spender
1964
Box :
Hamer, Fannie Lou: Flier announcing her talk at Antioch Church (burned shortly thereafter)
1964 Oct.
Box :
Hill, Charleane: Solicitation for funds to rebuild Antioch Church after arson attack
1964
Box :
Kimbrough, Sallie: denial of registration to vote
ca.1964
Box :
Merrill, Marjorie: Notes for talks on Civil Rights struggle in Mississippi
undated
Box :
Miscellaneous
undated
Box :
Mississippi Freedom Summer reunion
1994
Box :
Newsclippings
1964, 1993
Box :
Poetic justice (poem on Byron de la Beckwith and Roy De Berry)
ca.1994
Box :
SNCC- 1966, comments by Stokely Carmichael (Student Non-Violence Coordinating Committee solicitation letter)
1966
Box :
Voices of Tippah, vo. 1, no. 1 and 12 (note: two have letters written on the back by Charleane Hill Cobb)
1965
Box :
Civil Rights oral histories
1995-2003

Originals for the following oral histories conducted by Clark with fellow veterans of the civil rights struggle in northern Mississippi and included in the Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive at the University of Southern Mississippi Oral History Collections. The descriptive information was provided by USM.

Interview conducted October 17, 2001 with Chude Pamela Allen in San Francisco, California. Chude Pamela Allen was born into an Episcopal family in eastern Pennsylvania. Though her parents were Republicans, their Christian ideology contributed to Allen's liberal foundation, as did exposure to children from more progressive families in school. Allen went to Spellman College, where she became politically active in her freshman year, and was recruited to volunteer for Freedom Summer by SNCC. She trained in Oxford, OH before being sent to Holly Springs, MS in 1964, where Allen became a teacher at the Freedom school in Holly Springs. During the summer, Allen encountered both racial violence and sexism. After Freedom Summer, Allen continued her political activism as part of the secular Left. She became active in the women's liberation movement in the mid-1960s and moved to San Francisco, CA in 1968 where she would organize women's liberation groups. Allen worked for The Guardian and continued her activism throughout the 1970s. Despite a decline in her political activity in the early 80s, Allen began writing about her experiences as a volunteer during Civil Rights Movement. She helped organize the 25th anniversary reunion for Freedom Summer in 1989, as well as the 30th anniversary reunion in 1994. Allen has since then worked to help volunteers of the Movement cope with any trauma they may have endured.

Interview conducted January 16, 2003 in Holly Springs, Mississippi. Alva Beck was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi. After graduating high school, Beck attended Rust College and began volunteering for the advancement of civil rights in the area of voter registration. He met many of the major figures in the Civil Rights Movement, Stokely Carmichael among them. Beck was involved in protesting the 1968 Republican National Convention in Miami, Florida. After graduating from Rust College with a B.S. degree in business administration, Beck went to work as an investment analyst in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; he would later move to Cincinnati, Ohio and continue expanding his business ventures. Beck moved back to Holly Springs to care for his mother.

David Caldwell was born in Lavaca, Arkansas where he stayed and worked on his uncle's farm, and attended segregated schools. He dropped out of school and worked in a number of jobs, including for a furrier. Caldwell joined the military and served in Japan during and after World War II. He also served in Korea and Germany. After being discharged from the Army, he came to Holly Springs, Mississippi, where he first experienced racist intimidation. He became involved with the civil rights workers in Holly Springs during the summer of 1964.

Ron Carver was born in 1946 in Boston and was in high school when he became aware of the struggle for civil rights going on in Mississippi. After graduation, he decided to get involved and he volunteered as an assistant to Julian Bond in the SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) office in Atlanta, Georgia. At the end of the summer, he decided to go to Mississippi. Carver canvassed from door to door in black communities, working primarily in North Mississippi, assisting black citizens in registering to vote, organizing mass meetings, identifying issues deemed important by local people, recruiting for the Freedom Democratic Party, taking part in Freedom Days, and other civil rights activities. Carver left Mississippi to matriculate as a freshman at Columbia University.

Interview conducted December 14, 1995 in Blue Mountain, Mississippi, at Cobb's home. She discusses growing up during the civil rights movement, memories of Freedom Summer, and the battle over school integration. She also discusses her introduction to and continued involvement in civil rights activism.

Interview conducted on December 12, 1995 in Ripley, Mississippi, at the home of Gwendolyn Colom. He discusses coming of age during the civil rights movement and how he came to civil rights activism. In particular, he locates specific activist efforts, including integrating the Ripley Theatre and swimming pool. Colom discusses his continued involvement in activism and how it changed over time through the 1970s.

Robert Fullilove was an activist in SNCC in 1964 and 1965. Born into a middle class African American family, he attended college at Colgate University where he was introduced to the Civil Rights Movement. During his time in SNCC he travelled to several areas in Mississippi including Jackson, Marshall County, and DeSoto County where he spearheaded Freedom Day events to register voters. He developed close relationships with many of the activists of the time including Stokely Carmichael and Ivanhoe Donaldson. He later became a professor of sociomedical sciences at Columbia University and worked as Associate Dean of Community and Minority Affairs.

Interview conducted on November 3, 2000. Reverend J. Q. C. "Alphabet" James was a Methodist minister and civil rights leader in Ripley, Tippah County, Mississippi from 1962 to 1968. Born in Jasper County, Mississippi, Reverend James was a graduate of Rust College and pastored churches in Grenada, Ripley, Columbus, and Greenwood. As pastor of St. Paul's Church in Ripley, James was a leader in the integration of the local hospital, schools, and restaurants. He also facilitated NAACP and civil rights movement meetings in Ripley, and he was also present at the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party meeting at Antioch Baptist Church in Blue Mountain the night before it was burned.

Interview conducted on October 29, 2000. Howard Jeffries was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi on January 16, 1943. Jeffries was active with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Initially, attending nightly meetings at the Freedom House in Holly Springs, Mr. Jeffries eventually participated in voter registration and school integration drives and other civil rights events including the March on Washington, the James Meredith March, and events that occurred during the Selma to Montgomery marches. While he was unharmed during the marches, Mr. Jeffries experienced an aggressive confrontation with a police officer in Senatobia, Mississippi. Other experiences with SNCC include work at field offices in Mississippi, and Alabama, and the print shop in Atlanta, Georgia. After SNCC disbanded, Jeffries relocated to Memphis, Tennessee.

David E. Kendall was born in 1944 in Camp Atterbury, Indiana. He was influenced by his Quaker upbringing and a desire for adventure to get involved in the civil rights movement. Kendall was trained by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in Oxford, Ohio to participate in Freedom Summer. His roommate, Andrew Goodman, was killed while working in Mississippi. Before leaving for Mississippi, Kendall lobbied Congress in Washington, D.C. to provide more federal marshals to protect the civil rights advocates. Originally assigned to McComb, Mississippi, Kendall ultimately ended up in Holly Springs, Mississippi to register voters. Kendall supported and organized groups of African Americans to register to vote on Freedom Days. He worked primarily with Ivanhoe Donaldson and Cleveland Sellers. Kendall attended the Atlantic City Convention as a member of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party delegation in 1964. He then returned to Indiana, earned a law degree, and argued civil rights cases. He developed a relationship with President Bill and Hillary Clinton and later served as their attorney during the Whitewater case.

Interview conducted September 19, 2003 in Holly Springs, Mississippi. Kunstler-Goldman was born in Tennessee and raised in New York, the daughter of prominent civil rights attorney, William Kunstler. Kunstler-Goldman recognized racial injustice from an early age, and decided in the early 1960s to contribute to Mississippi's civil rights struggle. She worked on voter registration and was a member of SNCC. She also participated in Mississippi Freedom Summer. Kunstler-Goldman also discusses her continued involvement in activism after the 1960s era of the civil right movement.

William A. McMillan was born in Winnabow, North Carolina in 1920. He attended segregated schools and recieved a scholarship to attend Johnson C. Smith University with the aspiration of becoming a doctor. He later decided on the field of the social sciences, graduating in 1942. He worked in Detroit, and Philadelphia before being drafted into the military where he spent 2 years during World War II. He went on to complete a master's degree at University of Pennsylvania, and then a Ph.D. at the University of Michigan in Psychology and History. He then taught at Wiley College in Texas. McMillan became president of Rust College in 1967.

Arvern Moore was born in Byhalia, Marshall County, Mississippi in 1936. He attended high school in Memphis, earned his college degree, and taught in Mississippi's black public schools. He was active in direct civil rights actions. When the federal government began funding Head Start, Moore was one of the leaders who fought for and grew the Head Start Program. He was involved in the NAACP, SNCC, COFO, the United League, Rust College, and cotton farming.

U.Z. Nunnally was born in 1945 and grew up in rural Mississippi. His civil rights activities took him out of rural Mississippi and around the southeast as well as to California and China. He grew up on a plantation, one of seven children in a sharecropping family. In high school he became involved in civil rights advocacy when Freedom Riders lived in his town. He spent time in COFO's Freedom House, in Freedom School, door-to-door canvassing for voter registration, was arrested many times for his activities, filed a lawsuit to avoid serving in the Vietnam War, and at the time of this interview was looking forward to retirement as one of San Francisco's bus drivers.

Interview conducted December 14, 1995 with Amos and Sammie Lee Rogers. This interview discerns some of the unique characteristics of the north Mississippi civil rights movement, particularly in voting and voter registration drives. The Rogers also discuss school integration in Ripley, Mississippi, and the church as a site of mass meetings.

Interview conducted April 28, 2001 in Takoma Park, Maryland, at Larry Rubin's home. Larry Rubin was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A civil rights and social justice activist, Rubin worked in Albany, Georgia, and then in north Mississippi with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). He describes his early activism, the importance of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service elections to the course of the movement in North Mississippi. He also describes police harassment in Holly Springs and the development of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP).

Ernestine Evans Scott was born in Benton County in 1947 to a land-owning African American family. She attended Old Salem School, and then Rust College high school and became active in civil rights work during the 1960s. She was recruited to attend a COFO meeting and began working on voter registration. Scott attended a Freedom School and her family hosted activists during Freedom Summer. In January 1965, Scott was involved in the production of the play Seeds of Freedom, and traveled to New York City for performances.

William Scott was on faculty at Ole Miss at the time of this interview, which describes his experiences as a black man, growing up in Mississippi. He paints a verbal picture of his education, his innate tendency to question why race relations were as they were in Mississippi, the many effects from Brown v. Board, sharecropping, racism, classism, civil rights activism, Freedom Summer 1964, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, student activism at Rust College, his education, voter registration, desegregation of public schools, NAACP, and many of the leaders of the civil rights movement.

Interview conducted September 2, 2003 in Holly Springs, Mississippi. Cleveland Sellers was born in 1944 in rural Denmark, South Carolina. Sellers organized a college chapter of the NAACP which then became instrumental in helping the Freedom Riders. He later attended Howard University and joined the SNCC, which led to his work in Holly Springs, Mississippi with the Mississippi Freedom Project.

Laura Seymour grew up in Blue Mountain on her grandparents' farm in Tippah County, Mississippi. Seymour was active in the civil rights movement in North Mississippi and Atlanta. She began advocating when she was a teenager in high school and continued doing so until the birth of her children. Seymour's activities included voter registration, protest marches, sit-ins, integrating public accommodations, and boycotting. She was arrested in Jackson, Mississippi for marching without a permit, and she was held for several days in the Jackson Fairgrounds.

Frank Smith was born September 17, 1942 and raised in Newnan, Georgia. A Morehouse College Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) leader, Smith came to Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1962 as a volunteer and stayed in Mississippi for six years as field secretary. He worked on voter registration and challenged police brutality, in addition he organized the Mississippi Freedom Labor Union to strike for better wages. Smith went on to serve on the District of Columbia City Council, and as founding Executive Director of African American Civil War Memorial and Museum.

Interview conducted December 13, 1995 in Ripley, Mississippi at F.L. Spight's home. F.L. Spight was born in Ripley, Mississippi in 1919 and worked to bring expanded educational opportunities for African Americans to the area. He was the first principal of Ripley Colored School which later became Tippah County High School. He discusses education, Ripley Colored School, integration of schools, racial intimidation, church burning and the Ku Klux Klan. He further discusses his experience with civil rights workers from out of state, Freedom Riders, and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.

Interview conducted December 11, 1995 with Ellie and Eugene Steward in Benton County, Mississippi, at the home of Genevera Reaves. Ellie B. Steward was born in Benton County in 1931. She is an educator and former director of Head Start. She was actively involved in the struggle for civil rights during the 1960s, housing out-of-state volunteers, and participating in meetings and efforts to achieve fair and equal treatment in education and public life. Her husband, Eugene Steward is a farmer, restaurant worker, and custodian, and also participated in civil rights efforts, which resulted in losing his job as school custodian due to his participation and support of a school boycott. The conversation also includes Genevera Reaves, in whose home it was recorded.

Marjorie Taylor is an elementary school teacher on Long Island, New York who was recruited by the National Federation of Teachers to come to Mississippi during Freedom Summer in 1964. Taylor stayed through 1965, working with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and teaching local people in a Freedom School.

Brookline, Mass. Trimble was born January 8, 1945, the son of self-proclaimed socialists. As a child, his parents' radical political involvement encouraged his own involvement in civil rights activism later. He worked on voter registration in Holly Springs, Mississippi during Freedom Summer. He describes his experiences of the north Mississippi theatre of the movement.

Series 2. Post-Mississippi activism
1962
Algebra Project
1995
Box : 8
American Friends Service Committee
1966/1967
Box : 9
American Friends Service Committee
1968
Box : 10
American Friends Service Committee
1969
Box : 11
American Friends Service Committee Publications
undated
Box : 12
American Friends Service Committee: Vietnam Volunteer
1967
Box : 13
American Friends Service Committee: Vietnam Volunteer
1968 Jan/1968 June
Box : 14
American Friends Service Committee: Vietnam Volunteer
1968 July/1968 Dec.
Box : 15
American Friends Service Committee: Vietnam Volunteer
1969
Box : 16
Black Panther, vol. 2, 18
1969
Box :
Black Panther, vol. 3, 8 and 3, 28
1969
Box :
McCarthy, Eugene: Citizens for Participation Politics and People for McCarthy
1968/1969
Box : 25
Clark, Gloria Xifaras: Interviews Rust College (North Mississippi Oral History and Archives Program)
2000/2001
Box : 31
Clark, Gloria Xifaras: New Bedford Draft Information Center: The agony of defeat
1969
Box :
Community Organization Bibliography
undated
Box : 22
Congress: Adams, John
1966
Box : 17
Congress: Brooke, Edward W.
1963
Box : 18
Congress: Hastings, Keith
1965
Box : 19
Congress: Kennedy, Edward M.
1966/1967
Box : 20
Congress: miscellaneous
1966
Box : 21
Consulting Work: Daycare in the Housing Authority
1986
Box : 1
Consulting Work: Early Childhood Quality Network
1992
Box : 2
Consulting Work: Martha's Vineyard Chapter 188 Early Childhood Implementation
1986
Box : 3
Consulting Work: Needle Trades Action Project
1987
Box : 4
Consulting Work: New Bedford Community Foundation
1992/1993
Box : 5
Consulting Work: New Bedford Mayor's Drug Free Community Partnership
1991
Box : 6
Consulting Work: New Bedford Office for Substance Abuse Prevention
1990
Box : 7
Correspondence: Leo, John R.
1966
Box :
Draft and antiwar activity
1964-1969
Draft Information Center (New Bedford Mass)
1968
Box : 8
Draft Information Center (New Bedford Mass) National Steering Committee: Resist
1968
Box 17: 25
Draft Information Center (New Bedford Mass) Summer Projects
1968
Box 17: 26
Draft Information Center: Mailing List of Organizations Opposing the War in Vietnam
1968 August
Box 17: 24
Draft Literature: American Friends Service Committee
1966/1968
Box : 9
Draft Literature: Campus Draft Opposition
1968
Box : 10
Draft Literature: Civil Liberties (American Civil Liberties Union)
1967
Box : 12
Draft Literature: Clergy and Laymen concerned about Vietnam
1968
Box : 13
Draft Literature: Draft Action News
1967
Box : 14
Draft Literature: Miscellaneous
1964/1967
Box : 15
Draft Literature: National Service Board for Religious Objectors
1966
Box : 16
Draft Literature: New England Resistance
1967/1968
Box : 17
Draft Literature: Providence Peace Action Committee
1964/1966
Box : 18
Draft Literature: Students for a Democratic Society
1967
Box : 19
Draft Literature: United Veterans for Freedom
1967
Box : 20
Draft Literature: Veterans for Peace
1967
Box : 21
Draft Literature: War Resistors League
1964/1967
Box : 22
Draft resistance: American Friends Service Committee
1968
Box :
Draft resistance: Baltimore Peace Defense
ca.1968
Box :
Draft resistance: Boston Draft Resistance Group
ca.1968
Box :
Draft Resistance: Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors
1961/1967
Box : 11
Draft resistance: Diamond, Norm, "Political organizing at the pre-induction physical: blowing the army's cool"
ca.1968
Box :
Draft resistance: Draft board research
ca.1968
Box :
Draft resistance: Draft counselor information
ca.1968
Box :
Draft resistance: ephemera
1966-1968
Box :
Draft resistance: High School Radical Action Program
ca.1967
Box :
Draft resistance: Manifesto
1968
Box :
Draft resistance: Mid-West Committee for Draft Counseling
1968
Box :
Draft resistance: Montreal Committee to Aid War Resisters
1968
Box :
Draft resistance: News clippings
1967-1968
Box :
Draft resistance: Peacemaker
1968
Box :
Draft resistance: Resist
1968
Box :
Draft resistance: Rhode Island Committee for Peace in Vietnam
1968
Box :
Draft resistance: Social Action, vol. 34, 9
1968 May
Box :
Draft resistance: Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
1967
Box :
Draft resistance: Students for a Democratic Society
ca.1967
Box :
Draft resistance: Twin Cities Draft Information Center
ca.1967
Box :
Draft resistance: War Resisters' League, Information on non-payment of war taxes
Box :
Draft resistance: Waskow, Arthur I., Where the Peace Action Is
ca.1968
Box :
Draft resistance: Wisconsin Draft Resistance
ca.1967
Box :
Draft resistance: Working people should take a stand against the war in Vietnam
ca.1968
Box :
Greater New Bedford Committee to End the War in Vietnam: correspondence
1967
Box :
Greater New Bedford Committee to End the War in Vietnam: news clippings
1967
Box :
Greater New Bedford Committee to End the War in Vietnam: memoranda, fliers, etc.
1967
Box :
Greater New Bedford Committee to End the War in Vietnam: mailing lists
1967
Box :
Greater New Bedford Committee to End the War in Vietnam: minutes
1967
Box :
Greater New Bedford Draft Information Center
1968
Box :
Greater New Bedford Draft Information Center: finances
1968
Box :
Greater New Bedford Draft Information Center: news clippings
1968
Box :
New England Committee for Nonviolent Action: Cape Cod Peace Center
1967
Box : 22
New England Committee for Nonviolent Action: Direct Action [newsletter]
1967/1969
Box : 23
New England Committee for Nonviolent Action: Memos
1968/1969
Box : 24
New England Committee for Nonviolent Action: Newport Folk Festival Arrests
1967
Box : 25
New England Committee for Nonviolent Action: Why Non-Cooperation?
ca.1967
Box : 26
Peace Activities: Bertram Russell's Appeal to the American Conscience in Vietnam (National Guardian)
1966
Box : 31
Peace Activities: Declaration of Conscience
ca.1966
Box : 32
Peace Activities: Literature Catalogs
1967
Box : 34
Peace Activities: Petition to the President of the United States
ca.1967
Box : 35
Peace Activities: Vietnam
1965/1968
Box : 36
Peace Activities: Vote Now on Vietnam (New York Council for a SANE Nuclear Policy)
1966
Box : 37
Peace Demonstration
1967/1968
Box : 38
People Against Racism
1968
Box : 1
People Against Racism: The War in Vietnam is a Racist War
1968
Box 17: 33
Rhode Island Committee for Peace in Vietnam
1968
Box : 8
Stop the War in Vietnam [New Bedford newspaper advertisement]
1967
Box : 8
Student Mobilization Committee
1967-1968
Box : 9
Vietnam and PACERS
1966-1968
Box : 11
Vietnam Summer: Ephemera
1967
Box : 14
Vietnam Summer: Massachusetts Projects
1967
Box : 15
Vietnam Summer: Memoranda and Circulars
1967
Box : 16
Vietnam Summer: National Contact List
1967
Box : 17
Vietnam Summer: National Work Lists
1967
Box : 18
Vietnam Summer: Office Staff
1967
Box : 19
Vietnam Summer: Peacemeal
1967
Box : 20
Vietnam Summer: Reading Lists
1967
Box : 21
Vietnam Summer: Student Mobilizer
1967
Box : 22
Vietnam Summer: Training Institute
1967
Box : 23
Vietnam Summer: Vietnam Summer 1967: Project Profiles
1967
Box : 24
Vietnam Summer: Vietnam Summer News
1967
Box : 25
Vietnam Summer: Vietnam Summer: A Pilot Project
1967
Box : 26
Vietnam: Boston Globe, The War in Vietnam
1967
Box : 12
Vietnam War: An interview with Senator Wayne Morse on Vietnam [sound recording]
ca.1966
Box :
Vietnam War: news clippings
1967
Box :
Endeavor: Live Voices from Death Row Across the USA, Vol. 3.1 4:1
1993-1994
Box : 23
Free School of New York
1966-1967
Box : 1
Free School of New York: Catalogs
1966-1967
Box : 2
Free University of New Bedford
1969
Box : 3
Free University of New Bedford: Teach-In Vol. 1.1 (Boston University School of Education)
1968
Box : 4
Gittelsome, Roland B.: "We Cry to them in God's Name"
1966
Box : 33
Greater New Bedford Community Health Center
1989
Box : 5
Searle, John: Harvard Strike 1969: Blueprint for a Student Revolt
1969
Box : 6
Harvard Strike 1969: Directory of Faculty, Staff, Students, 1968-1969
1968
Box : 7
Harvard Strike 1969: Ephemera
1969
Box : 8
Harvard Strike 1969: Faculty of Arts and Sciences, extracts from minutes
1969
Box : 9
Harvard Strike 1969: Harvard Alumni Bulletin
1969
Box : 10
Harvard Strike 1969: Harvard Grad School of Education Meeting Minutes
1969
Box : 11
Harvard Strike 1969: Memorial Church Committee
1969
Box : 12
Harvard Strike 1969: Motions and Resolutions
1969
Box : 13
Harvard Strike 1969: Old Mole 1 no. 11, 12
1969
Box : 14
Harvard Strike 1969: Our Demands Have Not Been Met, Fight to Win
1969
Box 17: 27
Harvard Strike 1969: Robert L. Church to Gloria Xiforas
1969
Box : 15
Harvard Strike 1969: Theory: American Capitalism [reading lists]
1969
Box : 16
Harvard Strike 1969: Time Magazine
1969
Box : 17
Scheer, Robert: How the United States Got Involved in Vietnam, 5th printing (1967)
1965
Box : 13
Job Corps
1965
Clark, Gloria Xifaras and John, Leo: Job Corps: The Nitty Gritty: An Evaluation of the Human Interactions and Relationships at the Rodman Jobs Corps Center
1966
Box 17: 28
Ehlert, Robin G. and Walther, R.E.: Job Corps: Handling Corpsmen Confrontations
1966
Box : 19
Wrenn, C. Gilbert et. Al: Job Corps: Planned Group Guidance
1966
Box : 20
Job Corps: Rodman Job Corps instructional materials
ca.1966
Box :
Job Corps: Rodman Job Corps student publications
1965-1966
Box :
Job Corps: Rodman Job Corps survey
1966
Box :
Job Corps studies: University of Oregon Tongue Point Job Corps Center
1965
Box :
Join Community Union: An Introduction to Join Community Union
undated
Box : 21
Join Community Union: Public Education
undated
Box : 22
Join Community Union: Vietnam
undated
Box : 23
Join Community Union: Who Wants Urban Renewal?
undated
Box : 24
McCarthy, Eugene: Dick Gregory for President
1968
Box 17: 29
McCarthy, Eugene: McCarthy Advance
1968
Box : 26
Miscellaneous
undated
Box : 31
Model Cities report
1974
Box :
Movement
1968
Box : 1
Fusco, Liz: Movement Articles: "About NY Public High School Teaching"
ca.1968
Box : 3
Levenson, Marya: Movement Articles: "An Argument Against Single-Issue or Single-Constituency Organizing Now"
ca.1968
Box : 5
Rothstein, Rich: Movement Articles: "Organizing in the Heart of America"
ca.1968
Box : 6
Glick, Brian: Movement Articles: "Response to the Haber Paper"
1968
Box : 4
Berg, John and Israel, Jared: Movement Articles: "The Freedom Budget: A Criticism"
ca.1968
Box : 2
Movement: Cape Radical Alternatives Project #3
1968
Box : 7
Meggison, Robert E.: Movement: Letter to Gloria Xifaras Clark
1971
Box : 8
Movement: New England Free Press Prospectives
ca.1968
Box : 9
National Coalition for a New Politics
1967
Box 17: 31
National Council for a New Politics
1967/1968
Box : 11
National Council for a New Politics: Motions and Resolutions
1967/1968
Box : 12
National Council for a New Politics: New Politics News Call for Convetion
1967
Box : 13
National Council for a New Politics: New Politics News Convention Issue 2[?]
1967
Box : 14
National Council for a New Politics: New Politics News Convention Issue 3
1967
Box : 15
National Council for a New Politics: New Politics News Convention Issue 4
1967
Box : 16
National Council for a New Politics: Position Papers
1967
Box : 17
National Council for a New Politics: Resolution Passed at Radical Alternatives Caucus
undated
Box : 18
New Bedford Community Action Plan: ONBOARD Proposals
1964
Box : 19
New Bedford Model Cities Press Release 2:1
1972
Box : 20
New Bedford Population Statistics
1960/1962
Box : 21
McCarthy, Eugene: Newsbriefs
1968
Box : 27
McCarthy, Eugene: Presidential Campaign Ephemera
1968
Box : 28
McCarthy, Eugene: Presidential Campaign Press Releases
1967/1968
Box : 30
McCarthy, Eugene: Presidential Campaign Press Releases and Communication
1968
Box 17: 30
McCarthy, Eugene: Presidential Campaign: "Signatures for McCarthy"
1968
Box : 29
Muste, A.J.: Rifle Squad of the Beloved Community Liberation (offprint)
1964
Box : 10
New Bedford: substance abuse
1988
Box :
Office for Children
1983/1997
Box : 27
Office for Children: Congratulations on appointment
1982-1985
Box :
Office for Children: Federal discretionary grants
1983
Box : 27
Office for Children: Gloria Clark, This is Your Life
ca.1983
Box :
Office for Children: Gloria Xifaras Clark Personnel File
1982
Box : 28
Office for Children: Publications
1984-1997
Box :
On Board Community Action Program
1965-1966
Box :
Panel of American Women
1968
Box 17: 32
Panel of American Women: Correspondence, Ephemera
1968/1969
Box : 30
Panel of American Women: News Reports
1968/1969
Box : 29
Plymouth Area Council for Children
1980-1981
Box :
Prisoners Information and Support Service
1968
Box :
Poor People's Campaign
1968
Box : 2
Poor People's Campaign: Southern Christian Leadership Conference "The Philosophy of Nonviolence and the Tactic of Nonviolent Resistance"
1968
Box : 3
Prisons
1978-1983
Box :
Prisons: Cape Verdean Group
1976-1978
Box :
Prisons: Cape Verdean Group: Constitution
1977
Box :
Prisons: Cape Verdean Group: No Pintcha Newsletter
1978
Box :
Prisons: Question Mark [MCI Norfolk newsletter]
1978
Box :
Racial justice: Boston
1960-1964
Box :
Racial justice: Boston (Boston City News)
1965
Box :
Radical Education Project
1966-1969
Box : 4
Radical Teacher: Mississippi Freedom Schools
1991
Box : 5
Raposa, Agnes E.: History of the Opportunity Center of Greater New Bedford, Inc., 1959-1979
1979
Box :
Readings in Nonviolence
ca.1967
Box : 6
Restorative Justice Task Force
2009
Box : 7
Santoro, Dennis: An investigation of social problems in the New Bedford fishing community
1987
Box :
Santoro, Dennis: Procedure manual for CHIRP, the Comprehensive Information and Referral Program
ca.1987
Box :
Clark, Gloria Xifaras: The Graduate School of Education at Harvard University [paper, with comments by Robert L. Church]
1969
Box : 29
Triple Revolution: Liberation
1964
Box : 10
Vocations for Radicals: includes "Vocation for Social Change" and "Boston Movement Directory"
1968
Box : 27
Voice of Women
1966
Box : 28
Voice of Women [newsletter]
1967
Box 17: 34
Voice of Women [newsletter]
1968
Box 17: 35
Women Strike for Peace
1966
Box : 29
Series 3. Personal
1965-1983
6 boxes
Clark, Gloria Xifaras: British documents
1972-1973
Box : 32
Clark, Gloria Xifaras: Interviews
1976/2014
Box : 30
Clark, Gloria Xifaras: Interviews: South Coast Magazine
2007
Box : 32
Clark, Gloria Xifaras: Planned giving final, Lesley College
1997
Box : 30
Correspondence: Bizzotto, Leslie
1959
Box :
Correspondence: Bizzotto, Leslie
1960
Box :
Correspondence: Bizzotto, Leslie
1961 Jan.-May
Box :
Correspondence: Bizzotto, Leslie
1961 July-Oct.
Box :
Correspondence: Bizzotto, Leslie
1963-1967
Box :
Correspondence: Dinie
1960-1961
Box :
Correspondence: Dorfman, Mel
1961
Box :
Correspondence: Fitch, Barbara
1959-1961
Box :
Correspondence: Gelep, Betsy
1958-1959
Box :
Correspondence: Gelep, Betsy
1960
Box :
Correspondence: Gelep, Betsy
1961
Box :
Correspondence: Green, Judi G.
1959
Box :
Correspondence: Landes, Jim
1956-1959
Box :
Correspondence: Maravell
1959-1961
Box :
Correspondence: Randall, Betty Andzenas
1959-1966
Box :
Correspondence: Sakelaris, Tom "Duke"
1967-1997
Box :
Correspondence: Theander, Chris
1960-1961
Box :
Correspondence: Wheelock College
1961
Box :
Correspondence: Yaffe, Sue
1960
Box :
Harvard papers: Catholic school controversy, New York City in the 1840s
1969
Box :
Harvard papers: Catholic school controversy, New York City in the 1840s [background reading]
1969
Box :
Harvard papers: Washington and Du Bois
1969
Box :
Harvard papers: Washington and Du Bois [background reading]
1969
Box :
The Key [Wheelock College literary magazine], vol. 41, 2
1962
Box :
The Key [Wheelock College literary magazine], vol. 41, 4
1962
Box :
Music and radio: Blues
1993-2005
Box :
Music and radio: Boston Jazz Society
ca.1988
Box :
Music and radio: Eisteddfod [UMass Dartmouth]
1982-1993
Box :
Music and radio: WSMU
1990-2001
Box :
New Bedford: mural
2001
Box :
Series 4. Photographs
1944-2003
1 box
Gloria Xifaras Clark photographs
1944-1999
Bachman, Jack
ca.1983
Box : 3
Clark, Ed
ca.1978
Box : 4
Clark, Gloria Xifaras: family and friends
1980-1989
Box : 8
Clark, Gloria Xifaras: family and friends
2000-2003
Box : 10
Di Masi, Sal
ca.1983
Box : 11
Dukakis, Michael
ca.1982-1985
Box : 12
1960-1965
Negs.
Box : 2
Mississippi: Reunions and visits
1998-1999
Box : 18
Murphy, Evelyn
ca.1986
Box : 20
New Bedford mural
1991
Box : 21
Sakelaris, Tom "Duke"
1967-1994
Box : 22
Scrapbook
1959-1960
Box : 23
Marjorie Merrill photographs
1964-1965
Mississippi Freedom summer reunion photographs
1993-1999
Box :
Series 5. Printed material
1962
3 boxes
A. Philip Randolph
ca.1975
Box : 1
American Civil Liberties Union, Tension Change and Liberty, 45th Annual Report
1964
Box : 2
American Friends Service Committee, Beliefs and Practices
undated
Box : 3
American Friends Service Committee: A New China Policy: Some Quaker Proposals
1965
Box : 4
American Oil Company: American Traveler's Guide to Negro History
undated
Box : 5
Basmanov, Mikhail: The Ultra-Left Side with the Warmongers
1975
Box : 6
Buchanan, Scott: A Convention on Revolution
1962
Box : 7
Camus, Albert: Neither Victims nor Executioners
1960
Box : 8
Chaney Goodman Schwerner Memorial
1989
Box : 9
Dalla Costa, Maria Rosa and James, Selma: Power of Women and the Subversion of the Community
1972
Box : 10
Five Revolutionary Folk Songs of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border Region
ca.1972
Box : 11
Fried, Mindy and Elaine O'Reilly: How does your community grow: planting seeds for quality day care
1985
Box :
Friends Coordinating Committee on Peace, The Peace Testimony of Friends in the 20th Century
ca.1965
Box : 12
Goldbaum, Ruth: Good chants for a lively picket line
2006
Box :
Greater New Bedford Agency Resource Directory
ca.1988
Box :
Grigorian, L.: People in Power
ca.1965
Box : 13
Grutter v. Bollinger Amici Curiae of Veterans of the Southern Civil Rights Movement
2003
Box : 14
Halliday, Fred: Yemen's Unfinished Revolution
1979
Box : 15
Harrington, Michael: Why We Need Socialism in America
1970
Box : 16
International Emergency Committee on Sri Lanka: Emergency Sri Lanka
1986
Box : 17
Italy 1969-1970
ca.1970
Box : 18
Jet: with article "The Untold Drama of the March on Montgomery"
1965 April
Box : 19
King, Martin Luther: Letter from Birmingham City Jail
1963
Box : 20
Law and Disorder: The Chicago Convention and its Aftermath
1968
Box : 21
Lens, Sidney: Revolution and Cold War
1962
Box : 22
Light, Robert E. and Carl Marzani: Cuba vs. the USA
1961
Box :
Magduff, Harry: Economic Aspects of US Imperialism
1966
Box : 23
Mainard, Pat: The Politics of Housework
ca.1968
Box : 24
Marsh, Charles: God's Long Summer
1997
Box : 25
Miller, Mary Carol: Marshall County
1998
Box : 25
Morgan, Lewis Henry: Montezuma's Dinner
1967
Box : 26
National Committee for the Albany Defendants: The Albany Cases
ca.1964
Box : 1
National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA: Vietnam: An Appeal for Debate and Action
1966
Box : 2
National Service Board for Religious Objectors, Statements of Religious Belief of the Conscientious Objector, 5th ed.
1966
Box : 3
New American Movement, Resolution on the Arab/Palestinian-Israel Conflict
1979
Box : 4
New American Movement, Where We Stand, 4th ed.
1979
Box : 5
New American Movement, Working Papers on Socialism and Feminism, 3d ed.
1978
Box : 6
New Bedford. Mayor's Office of Human Services: Step through the gateway
1988
Box :
Office of Policy Planning and Research (U.S.) The Negro Family: The Case for National Action
1965
Box : 7
Paper Tiger: The Great Chicago Fire: Debate on the Democratic Convention
1968
Box : 8
Parker, Frank R.: Turning Point: The 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer
1994
Box : 9
Prison Research Project, The Price of Punishment: Prisons in Massachusetts
1974
Box : 10
Promoting Enduring Peace: What to do About China
ca.1959
Box : 11
Quakerism: A view from the back benches
1966
Box :
Rustin, Bayard: "American Negros and Israel" [offprint from The Crisis]
1974
Box : 12
Rustin, Bayard: The Foundation: A Black Working Class
1975
Box : 13
Rustin, Bayard: Have We Reached the end of The Second Reconstruction?
1976
Box : 14
Schesch, Adam: An Outline History of Vietnam
1965
Box : 15
Southern Poverty Law Center: The Ku Klux Klan: A History of Racism and Violence, 4th ed.
1991
Box : 16
Viet Report: An Emergency News Bulletin on Southeast Asia Affairs
1965
Box : 17
The War and its Roots: Vietnam and American Imperialism
ca.1968
Box : 18
Weinstock, Nathan and Rothschild, Jon: The Truth about Israel and Zionism
1970
Box : 19
Where it's at: a Research Guide for Community Organizing
ca.1967
Box : 20
Winston, Henry: Negro-White Unity
1967
Box : 21
Women's Representative Committee, Progress Report on the Implementation of the Recommendations. . .
1976
Box : 22
Youth Against War and Fascism: The Silent Slaughter
1966
Box : 23

Administrative information

Access

The collection is open for research.

Provenance

Gift of Gloria Xifaras Clark, May 2015.

Related Material

Clark's oral histories are among a larger collection of interviews with civil rights workers in northern Mississippi available through the Oral History archives at the University of Southern Mississippi.

Digitized content

Selected material from the Clark Papers has been digitized and is available online through Credo.

Processing Information

Processed by I. Eliot Wentworth, May 2015.

Language:

English

Copyright and Use (More information )

Cite as: Gloria Xifaras Clark Papers (MS 865). Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries.

Search terms

Subjects

  • African Americans--Suffrage--Mississippi
  • American Friends Service Committee
  • Civil Rights movement--Mississippi
  • Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)
  • Draft resisters--Massachusetts
  • Greater New Bedford Committee to End the War in Vietnam
  • Greater New Bedford Draft Information Center
  • Harvard University--Student strike, 1969
  • Holly Springs (Miss.)--History
  • Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
  • Mississippi Freedom Project
  • Mississippi Freedom Schools
  • New England Committee for Nonviolent Action
  • Peace movements--Massachusetts
  • Prisons--Massachusetts
  • Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)
  • Students for a Democratic Society (U.S.)
  • Tippah County (Miss.)--History
  • Vietnam Summer (Organization)
  • Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements--Massachusetts

Contributors

  • Clark, Gloria Xifaras, 1942- [main entry]
  • Colom, Wilbur
  • Hill, Charlaena Cobb
  • Merrill, Marjorie
  • Reaves, Imogene

Genres and formats

  • Photographs

Link to similar SCUA collections