Background on Alternative Energy Coalition
On Washington's Birthday in 1974, a local organic farmer and member of the Montague Farm commune, Sam Lovejoy, committed an act of civil disobedience. In the early morning hours he used hand tools to fell a weather-monitoring tower erected by Northeast Utilities, the corporation that was planning to build a massive nuclear power plant in town. Leaving the wreckage behind, Lovejoy flagged down a passing patrol car and turned himself in to face the consequences, hoping to spur a public debate about the use of nuclear energy. In that he succeeded. During the weeks that followed, Lovejoy's trial garnered national attention and catalyzed the formation of antinuclear organizations such as the Alternative Energy Coalition (AEC).
Founded in Montague, the AEC offered support for Lovejoy during the trial as well as for the larger aim of building broad-based opposition to nuclear power in the wake of Richard Nixon's "Project Independence," which included a plan to build 1,000 nuclear power plants by the year 2000. From the outset, the AEC used a range of tactics to achieve their goals, from political engagement, to petitions, public awareness campaigns, and direct action. The activist Harvey Wasserman, a co-organizer of the AEC, and several of his associates created a political party to influence local elections, supporting Lovejoy as he ran for representative to town meeting, and Anna Gyorgy (another AEC founder), Marc Sills, Nina Simon, and Janice Frey for other spots under the antinuclear "No Party" ticket.
By the early spring, the AEC began collecting signatures to place a dual referendum on the ballot for the state senatorial district, the first instructing the senator to oppose the proposed plant at Montague, the second instructing him or her to "sponsor and support a resolution aimed at closing and dismantling" the region's two active nuclear power plants at Rowe, Massachusetts, and Vernon, Vermont. They were successful, gathering over 3,800 supporters.
In 1976, the AEC chose to affiliate with several antinuclear organizations to form the Clamshell Alliance, a New England-based coalition of antinuclear activists. Through acts of non-violent civil disobedience, most notably the 1976 and 1977 occupations of the Seabrook Nuclear Power plant in New Hampshire, the Clamshell galvanized the antinuclear movement and became one of the major factors in radically slowing the growth of the nuclear industry in the United States. The AEC continued as a separate organization with chapters in both Hampshire and Franklin Counties, until disbanding in about 1981. By that time, dozens of other groups were active in opposition to nuclear power, aligned with the AEC's principles of non-violent direct action.
Scope of collection
The Alternative Energy Coalition Records document the organizational life of the Massachusetts-based antinuclear activist group from approximately 1974 to 1981, centered on the Hampshire County Branch. Reflecting the AEC's dual commitment to promoting the use of renewable energy resources and opposing nuclear power, the records provide an indication both of the high degree of decentralization characteristic of the early antinuclear movement and the impressive coordination maintained between like-minded organizations.
In addition to administrative records of the Hampshire County chapter of the AEC, the collection contains fliers, newsletters, leaflets, and other promotional materials, information on alternative energy, correspondence with allied organizations, and some realia used in protesting nuclear power. Of particular interest is a thick sheaf of notes, memoranda, and minutes of meetings from the organization and early years of the Clamshell Alliance, including minutes of the Coordinating Committee and a variety of materials relating to the occupations at the Seabrook (N.H.) Nuclear Power Plant between 1977 and 1979.
The collection is organized into three series:
Series descriptions
1973-1981
66 folders (3 linear feet)
Series 1 contains documents produced by the AEC for its own use and day-to-day operations, including flyers, meeting announcements, project proposals, handbooks, training session materials, meeting minutes, and member contact information. The organization also created extensive planning materials, including reconnaissance maps of New England nuclear sites for non-violent protest actions and outgoing petitions to the President against nuclear power. This series contains some artifacts, including black armbands worn by AEC members during site occupations as well as handmade hitch-hiking placards. Of special note in this series are three office logbooks that AEC members annotated and used to communicate with one another during direct action engagements, and a pad of paper used by AEC and affiliated members to document--in real time--the actions of the October 6, 1979 Seabrook occupation. (This pad is in the folder entitled, "Clamshell - Seabrook Occupation, October 6th, 1979.")
1960-1980
132 folders (7.5 linear feet)
Series 2 contains materials collected by the AEC on a wide range of alternative energy sources. Enclosed are magazine articles, newspaper clippings, and pamphlets elaborating on nuclear issues, including nuclear weapons use and the environmental impacts of nuclear energy. The AEC was committed to gathering information about non-nuclear energy sources like solar, wind, electric power, and fossil fuels. In addition, the AEC maintained a small library of books, brochures, fact sheets, catalogues, and product listings exploring practical energy conservation methods, this last intended for use of private citizens. Brochures in this series investigate topics ranging from improved house construction to composting toilets, from hot water heaters to energy-efficient fireplaces. The AEC also received weekly reports from the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (from 1976-1979) and the Department of Energy (from 1978-1979). A few representative reports are preserved in this series. The AEC also collected legislative materials denoting Massachusetts alternative energy policies.
1977-1980
109 folders (3 linear feet)
Series 3 contains material relating to the AEC's extensive connections to other environmental and antinuclear activist groups, both local and national. The AEC collected newsletters, news articles, and correspondence from groups with similar objectives. The AEC's strongest link was to the Clamshell Alliance; this organization's mission, membership, planning, and operations overlapped with those of the AEC after Clamshell's founding in 1976. As such, most material in this series is devoted to the Clamshell Alliance. Other selected affiliated organizations include the Abalone Alliance (California), Crabshell Alliance, Palmetto Alliance, Potomac Alliance, Tennessee Valley Energy Alliance, Vermont Yankee Decommissioning Alliance, and the Rocky Flats Truth Force. The AEC also kept documents relating to other ideologically aligned social issues, such as the Red Power, Women's Rights, Mohawk Sovereignty, and Peace Movements.
Inventory
Series 1. Organizational Materials
1973-1981
66 folders
Artifacts: Logbooks (1976-1979) and songbook,"Songs of Seabrook"
1979
Box 1: 1
Artifacts: Four (4) Black Arm Bands
1979
Box 1: 2
Artifacts: Hitchhiking Signs
ca.1979
Box 1: 3
May 6th Coalition March on Washington
ca.1979
Box 1: 4
June 24th Occupation (1978)
1978
Box 1: 5
July 21st-22nd, 1979: Legal Seabrook
1979
Box 1: 6
October 7th Occupation Tactics and Site Access
ca.1979
Box 1: 7
November 11, 1978, Car Caravan and Demonstration
1978
Box 1: 8
AEC: 1 June 1979 Recycling Memo
1979
Box 1: 9
AEC: Finances
1978-1979
Box 1: 10
AEC: Mailing Lists
1979
Box 1: 11
AEC: Meeting Minutes
1976-1977
Box 1: 12
AEC: Meeting Minutes
1979-1980
Box 1: 13
AEC: "Nuclear Power and Alternative Energy Info Book," Office Copy
1973-1977
Box 1: 14
AEC: People Lists
ca.1979
Box 1: 15
AEC: Press Releases and Newspaper Articles
1979-1981
Box 1: 16
Alternative Energy Fair
ca.1979
Box 1: 17
Canvassing Information
ca.1979
Box 1: 18
Conferences, Speakers, Public meetings
1978
Box 1: 19
Correspondence
1977-1981
Box 1: 20
Congress File (Temporary)
1979
Box 1: 21
Danbury Federal Prison Bibliographies, etc.
ca.1979
Box 1: 22
Evaluations: No Nukes
ca.1979
Box 1: 23
Facilitating
ca.1979
Box 1: 24
Hampshire County AEC News Release
1977-1978
Box 1: 26
Hampshire County Petition Forms
1979
Box 1: 27
Inventory
ca.1979
Box 1: 28
Journals and Newsletters
ca.1979
Box 1: 29
Leaflets - External
ca.1979
Box 1: 30
Mailing Lists
1979
Box 1: 31
Maps: Misc.
ca.1979
Box 1: 32
Media Contacts
1978-1979
Box 1: 33
Montague Intervention
1977-1979
Box 1: 34
Montague LPV Task Force
1977
Box 1: 35
Neutron Bomb Petitions
ca.1979
Box 1: 36
Newsletters: AEC and Other
1978-1980
Box 1: 37
Non-Violent Training Committee (Western Mass)
1978-1979
Box 1: 38
Nuke Moratorium Petitions
ca.1979
Box 1: 39
Occupation/Restoration Task Force
1977-1978
Box 2: 1
Office Business
1977-1979
Box 2: 2
People's Alliance
1977
Box 2: 3
Poems, Songs
ca.1979
Box 2: 5
Public Education Task Force (NUKES)
1979
Box 2: 6
Railway Express Agency and Co. (Building Lease) - 1948/1958
ca.1979
Box 2: 7
RATE Hikes
1979-1980
Box 2: 8
Seabrook 1978: A Handbook
1978
Box 2: 9
Seabrook Nuke Plant
1978
Box 2: 10
Seabrook Occupation: Chronological Press Folio
ca.1978
Box 2: 11
Seabrook Petitions
ca.1978
Box 2: 12
Subscription Requests to Periodicals, etc.
1978-1979
Box 2: 13
Survival Summer - Info
ca.1979
Box 2: 15
Three Mile Island - President Carter Petitions
ca.1979
Box 2: 16
Trident Teach-In Materials (AEC)
1977-1978
Box 2: 17
Unity Committee, April 26, 1980
1980
Box 2: 18
Valley Advocate (Newspaper)
ca.1979
Box 2: 19
Vermont Yankee Nuclear Plant
1979-1980
Box 2: 20
VYDA - March 30th 1980 - News Clippings
1980
Box 2: 21
VYDA - Proposals and Meeting Info
ca.1979
Box 2: 22
Xerox Masters - Originals for Leaflets
ca.1979
Box 2: 23
Western Mass Trainers
1979
Box 2: 24
Yankee Power Plant Petitions
1979
Box 2: 25
Year of the Child - Info
ca.1979
Box 2: 26
Series 2. Research
1960-1980
132 folders
Alternative Energy
1967-1979
Box 2: 27
Alternative Energy Clippings
1976-1977
Box 2: 28
Alternative Energy Stores and Suppliers
ca.1979
Box 2: 29
Antinuclear Groups Nationwide List
1979
Box 2: 30
Black Fox Plant (Okla.)
1979
Box 2: 31
Breeder Reactors
1973
Box 2: 32
Catalogs and Resources
1979-1980
Box 2: 33
Composting Toilets
1976-1977
Box 2: 35
Conservation (General Info)
1973-1977
Box 2: 36
Consumer Publication
1976
Box 2: 37
County Voice
1979
Box 2: 38
Criminal Code Reform Act - H.R. 689, S. 1437
1978
Box 2: 39
Construction Work in Progress Public Service Co. (N.H.)
1978-1981
Box 2: 40
Department of Energy and Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1976-1980
Box 2: 41
Diablo Canyon
1977
Box 2: 42
Economics / Nuclear
1977-1979
Box 3: 1
Effects of Nuclear Power
1973-1978
Box 3: 2
Effects of Nuclear Power - Environmental
1978-1979
Box 3: 3
Electric Energy
ca.1979
Box 3: 4
Energy Analyses
1979
Box 3: 6
Energy Efficient Architecture
1974-1977
Box 3: 7
Energy (General Info)
1977
Box 3: 8
Energy Task Force Alternative Currents / A.T.A.C
1979
Box 3: 10
Environmental Action / Energy Research and development Administration
1976
Box 3: 11
Environmental Hazards
1976-1978
Box 3: 12
Environmental Policy Center
1978
Box 3: 13
Environmental Protection Agency
1975-1977
Box 3: 14
Fireplaces and Hardware
ca.1979
Box 3: 15
G.E. Boycott
1979
Box 3: 17
Guardian - Newsletters
1979-1980
Box 3: 19
Health and Occupational Safety
1976-1977
Box 3: 20
Hudson River
1977-1979
Box 3: 21
Hydro Electricity Dam Inventory W. Mass
1979
Box 3: 22
Hydropower
1978-1979
Box 3: 23
Insulation
1976-1977
Box 3: 24
International
1976-1977
Box 3: 25
J. P. Stevens (Corporation)
1977
Box 3: 26
Jamesport Generating Station
1976-1979
Box 3: 27
Labor Law Reform
1977-1978
Box 3: 28
Legislation
1977-1979
Box 3: 29
Legislation - Mass.
1979
Box 3: 30
Legislature - Congress
1976-1978
Box 3: 31
Literature - Antinuclear Organizations
1978-1979
Box 3: 32
Literature - Periodicals
1978
Box 3: 33
Maine Yankee
1979
Box 3: 34
The Manhattan Project - Wall Street Action, Oct. 29th
1979
Box 3: 35
Master Plan for Energy
1978
Box 3: 36
National Center for Appropriate Technology
1979-1980
Box 3: 37
Newspapers
1978-1979
Box 3: 38
Non-Energy Articles
1978
Box 3: 39
Nonviolence
1976-1977
Box 3: 40
Northampton Daycare
ca.1979
Box 3: 41
Nuclear Accidents
1976
Box 3: 42
Nuclear Accidents - Evacuation
1975-1979
Box 3: 43
Nuclear - Breeder Reactor (LMFBR Program)
1974-1978
Box 3: 44
Nuclear - Clinch River
1976-1977
Box 3: 45
Nuclear Energy - Pro Articles, Trident Launch
1979
Box 3: 46
NIRS- Nuclear Information Resource Serv.
1979-1980
Box 3: 47
Nuclear Material, Misc.
1971-1979
Box 3: 48
Nuclear Power I
1972-1976
Box 4: 1
Nuclear Power II
1974-1979
Box 4: 2
Nuclear Power III
1973-1979
Box 4: 3
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1976-1981
Box 4: 4
Nuclear Safety
1978-1979
Box 4: 5
Nuclear Waste I
1975-1978
Box 4: 6
Nuclear Waste II
1974-1976
Box 4: 7
Nuclear Waste Disposal
1976-1977
Box 4: 8
Nuclear Waste Management
1960-1979
Box 4: 9
People and Energy
1979
Box 4: 11
Politics and Education, Middletown (Conn.)
1978-1979
Box 4: 12
Pollution
1975-1977
Box 4: 13
Power Plant Licensing
1975
Box 4: 14
Power Plant Safety
1978
Box 4: 15
Price-Anderson Act
1977
Box 4: 16
Promoting Enduring Peace
1979
Box 4: 17
Radiation - Low-Level Effects
1979
Box 4: 18
Radioactive Waste: New England
1976-1978
Box 4: 19
Reference Boiling Water Reactor Decommissioning
1980
Box 4: 20
Reading List
1978
Box 4: 21
Research - Bibliographies
ca.1979
Box 4: 22
Research - Journals, Newsletters, Newsclippings
1976-1980
Box 4: 23
Research - Reports
ca.1979
Box 4: 24
Rural Education Center
1980
Box 4: 25
SALT and Government Propaganda
1978-1979
Box 4: 26
Scenic Hudson - Clearwater Sunday
1978
Box 4: 27
Science Articles - oil, coal, etc.
1978-1979
Box 4: 28
Shoreham - Long Island (N.Y.)
1980
Box 4: 29
Sierra Atlantic
1978-1979
Box 4: 30
Sierra Club Literature
1978
Box 4: 31
Silkwood, Karen
1977
Box 4: 32
Soft Technology
1979
Box 4: 33
Solar Bulletins
1977-1980
Box 4: 35
Solar Controls
ca.1979
Box 4: 36
Solar Collector Brochures (Air)
1977
Box 5: 1
Solar Collector Brochures (Liquid)
1977
Box 5: 2
Solar Energy - Application in Homes
1976-1978
Box 5: 3
Solar Energy Clippings and Articles
1972-1979
Box 5: 4
Solar Energy - Mass.
1976
Box 5: 5
Solar Greenhouses
1977
Box 5: 6
Solar Heating Brochures
1977
Box 5: 7
Solar Heating - Domestic Hot Water Systems
1977
Box 5: 8
Solar Energy Institutes of America
1977-1980
Box 5: 9
Solar - Legislation,Government
1976-1978
Box 5: 10
Solar Lobby
ca.1979
Box 5: 11
Solar - Photovoltaics
ca.1979
Box 5: 12
Solar Satellites
1979
Box 5: 13
Street Papers
1978
Box 5: 14
Solar Resources
1977-1978
Box 5: 17
Solar Supplies and Info Centers
1976-1977
Box 5: 18
Thermal Curtains and Insulation
1977-1978
Box 5: 19
Three Mile Island
1980
Box 5: 20
Three Mile Island Accident
1977-1981
Box 5: 21
Utilities
1976-1977
Box 5: 22
Waste Storage
1976-1979
Box 5: 23
Water Conservation 1978-1979
ca.1979
Box 5: 24
Weapons
1978-1981
Box 5: 25
Wind - Newspaper Clippings
1976-1979
Box 5: 27
Wood - General
1975-1978
Box 5: 28
Wood Stove Brochures
1977
Box 5: 29
Yankee Atomic
1980
Box 5: 31
Series 3. Affiliated Groups
1977-1980
109 folders (3 linear feet)
Abalone Alliance
1977-1980
Box 5: 32
Affinity Groups
ca.1978
Box 5: 33
Alliance for Survival
ca.1978
Box 5: 34
AFSC - American Friends Service Committee Incorporated
1979
Box 5: 35
Anti-Draft Material Ad-Hoc Committee
1979
Box 5: 36
Arizona Mobilization for Survival
1979
Box 5: 37
Berkshire AEC
1977
Box 5: 38
Berkshire Alliance for Safe Energy
1979
Box 5: 39
Black Hills Alliance
ca.1979
Box 5: 40
Che Lumumba School
1979
Box 5: 41
Citizen's Energy Project of Washington DC
1979
Box 5: 42
Citizens for Safe Energy Dorset (Vt.)
1979-1980
Box 5: 43
Citizens for Safe Power Transmission (Red Hook, NY)
1978
Box 5: 44
Citizen's Party (Citizens Committee)
ca.1979
Box 5: 45
Clamshell: 1978-1979 Fall River Reactor Blockade
ca.1979
Box 5: 46
Clamshell: Additional Resources
ca.1979
Box 5: 47
Clamshell: Affinity Groups Membership
ca.1979
Box 5: 48
Clamshell: Internal Committees
1978
Box 5: 49
Clamshell: Clamshell Alliance Newsletters
1977-1979
Box 5: 50
Clamshell: Clamshell Alliance News Releases
1976-1977
Box 5: 51
Clamshell: Blockade Handbook
1978
Box 5: 52
Clamshell: Boston Chapter
1977-1980
Box 5: 53
Clamshell: Brainstorms
1977
Box 5: 54
Clamshell: "Clams for Democracy"
ca.1979
Box 6: 1
Clamshell: Conferences, Western Mass.
1978
Box 6: 2
Clamshell: Clamshell Congress
1979-1980
Box 6: 3
Clamshell: Clamshell Congress Proposals
1978-1979
Box 6: 4
Clamshell: Contacts
1974-1979
Box 6: 5
Clamshell: Coordinating Committee, Part 1
1978
Box 6: 6
Clamshell: Coordinating Committee, Part 2
1978
Box 6: 7
Clamshell: Coordinating Committee
1979
Box 6: 8
Clamshell: Coordinating Committee Reports
ca.1979
Box 6: 9
Clamshell: Legal Info
1977-1979
Box 6: 10
Clamshell: Non-Violent Training Sessions
1978
Box 6: 11
Clamshell: Occupation I and II
1976
Box 6: 12
Clamshell: Organizational Materials I
1977
Box 6: 13
Clamshell: Organizational Materials II
1979-1980
Box 6: 14
Clamshell: Rally, October 23
ca.
Box 6: 15
Clamshell: Resources: Reading Lists, films, magazines
ca.1979
Box 6: 16
Clamshell: Seabrook Action
1978
Box 6: 17
Clamshell: Seabrook Action, May 24
1980
Box 6: 18
Clamshell: Seabrook Occupation, May 30
1977
Box 6: 19
Clamshell: Seabrook Occupation, Memos
ca.1977
Box 6: 20
Clamshell: Seabrook Occupation, Oct. 6
1979
Box 6: 21
Clamshell: Seabrook Occupation Oct. 6th Newspaper Clippings
1979
Box 6: 22
Clamshell: Training Information
1976-1978
Box 6: 23
Clamshell: Training for Trainers
ca.1977
Box 6: 24
Clean Energy Petition PIDC Correspondence
1978
Box 6: 25
Coalition for Direct Action at Seabrook
1979-1980
Box 6: 26
Coalition for a New Foreign and Military Policy
1979-1980
Box 6: 27
Community for Creative Nonviolence
ca.1979
Box 6: 28
Concerned Citizens of Rhode Island: Clippings to be Filed
1978
Box 6: 29
Concerned Citizens for Safe Energy (Stuyvesant, N.Y.)
ca.1979
Box 6: 30
Connecticut Citizen Action Group
1977
Box 6: 31
Crabshell Alliance
1978
Box 6: 32
Critical Mass (Citizens' Movement for Safe and Efficient Energy)
1976-1978
Box 6: 33
Dorothy Day Community
1980
Box 6: 34
Eastern Federation of Nuclear Opponents and Safe Energy Proponents
1978
Box 6: 35
Energy News of Hampshire AEC
1978
Box 6: 36
Food for Thought
1979
Box 6: 37
Franklin County AEC
1977-1979
Box 6: 38
Franklin County Energy Project
1979
Box 6: 39
Green Mountain Post Films
1978
Box 6: 40
Greenpeace
ca.1979
Box 6: 41
Hampshire County AEC
1977-1979
Box 6: 42
Haymarket News
1979-1980
Box 6: 43
John Brown Anti-Klan Committee
1980
Box 6: 44
International Nuclear Protest Groups
1978-1979
Box 6: 45
Labor Party Literature
1977
Box 6: 46
Long River Project
1980
Box 6: 47
Lower Pioneer Valley Regional Planning Committee
1980
Box 6: 48
Mass. Alliance for a Safe Energy Future
1979
Box 6: 49
Mass PIRG
1974-1980
Box 7: 1
Michigan PIRGIN
1979
Box 7: 2
Mobilization for Survival
1978-1979
Box 7: 3
Mobilization in Pioneer Valley
1979
Box 7: 4
Mohawk Nation
1979
Box 7: 5
Municipal Power Advocacy Coalition
1979
Box 7: 6
MUSE - Musicians United for Safe Energy
1979
Box 7: 7
Natural Guard
ca.1979
Box 7: 8
NECNP - New England Coalition on Nuclear Pollution
1975-1977
Box 7: 9
Nuclear Power Resources (New York PIRG, etc.)
1977-1978
Box 7: 10
NYS Alliance to Save Energy
1973-1978
Box 7: 11
Pacific Alliance
Box 7: 12
Palmetto Alliance
1978-1979
Box 7: 13
Pioneer Valley War Tax Resistance
1979
Box 7: 15
PIRG New Jersey
1975-1976
Box 7: 16
Potomac Alliance
1979
Box 7: 17
RADS - Radiation Alert Development Signpost, New Hampshire Local
1980
Box 7: 18
Rath Proposal
ca.1979
Box 7: 19
Regional Environmental Council - Worcester, Mass.
1977-1978
Box 7: 20
Rocky Flats Truth Force
1979
Box 7: 21
SANE - Citizens' Organization for a Sane World (D.C.)
1979-1980
Box 7: 22
SCANN - Student Coalition Against Nukes Nationwide
1979
Box 7: 23
Shad Material (NYC Shad Alliance)
1978-1979
Box 7: 24
SNDF - Stuyvesant Nuclear Discussion Forum
1978
Box 7: 25
Solar Rollers
1978
Box 7: 26
Solar Strollers
ca.1979
Box 7: 27
Tennessee Valley Energy Alliance
1979
Box 7: 28
Trojan Decommissioning Alliance
1977
Box 7: 31
UMass Energy
1978-1979
Box 7: 32
Union of Concerned Scientists
1978
Box 7: 33
Vermont Yankee Decommissioning Alliance
1979-1980
Box 7: 34
Women and Life on Earth
ca.1979
Box 7: 35
Workers Alliance
1977-1978
Box 7: 36
Administrative information
Search terms
Subjects
- Antinuclear movement--Massachusetts.
- Hampshire County (Mass.)--History.
- Nonviolence--Massachusetts.
- Nuclear Energy--Massachusetts.
- Pacifists--Massachusetts.
- Political activists--Massachusetts.
- Renewable energy sources.
- Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant (N.H.).
- Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Station.
Contributors
- Alternative Energy Coalition. [main entry]
- Clamshell Alliance.
Link to similar SCUA collections