Background
During the 1970s, western Massachusetts was a fertile breeding ground for socially and politically conscientious, environmentally aware activists-organizers. Members of the Franklin Co. branch of the Liberation News Service, such as Raymond Mungo and Steve Diamond purchased a commune in Montague, Mass. where they produced books and publications, created organizations, organized protests, rallies, and worked with like minded domestic and international organizations that shared their world view of living in a nuclear free world. A catalyst that drew attention to the antinuclear movement was an act of civil disobedience by Sam Lovejoy, who in 1974 toppled a weather tower owned by Northeast Utilities. Northeast Utilities had proposed to build a nuclear power plant in Montague, Mass. and Lovejoy's actions drew the attention of a local antinuclear organization, the AEC. The AEC rallied support for Sam Lovejoy's legal defense and used the media coverage and local support to draft a referendum to stop construction not only the proposed Montague plant, also the existing Rowe, Mass. and Vernon, VT nuclear power plants.
The AEC (Alternative Energy Coalition) networked with other antinuclear organizations and formed the Clamshell Alliance in 1976. The Clamshell Alliance organized protests and occupations (1976-1980) of the Seabrook, N.H. nuclear power plant, which resulted in a number of people getting arrested and drawing worldwide attention and support for these acts of civil disobedience. Steve Diamond, who participated in the Clamshell-Seabrook N.H. protests, as well as along with Dan Keller, Chuck Light, and others started the Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS), an antinuclear, pro-clean energy publication and a film production company, Green Mountain Post Films (GMPF), which still exists today. Anna Gyorgy, who was a founding member of the Clamshell Alliance, also organized and participated in a number of other domestic and international antinuclear-clean energy groups, and pro-feminist groups and is still active today in progressive social and political causes. Harvey Wasserman, after the Seabrook protests, went on to continue his involvement in antinuclear and other progressive socio-political activism, including the No Nukes-MUSE concerts. Sam Lovejoy, after his antinuclear activism in the 1970s went on to be one of the organizers of the Musicians for Safe Energy concert, which featured well-known musicians like Jackson Browne and Bonnie Raitt in 1979-1980. Closely related to the AEC Collection (MS 586).
Scope of collection
In the mid-1970s, Western Massachusetts was a hotbed of antinuclear activism, sparked both by the proposal to build a nuclear power plant in Montague, Mass., and by the construction and operation of plants nearby in Seabrook, NH and Rowe, MA. A group of activists associated with the Liberation News Service and Montague Farm commune, including Steven Diamond, Anna Gyorgy, Sam Lovejoy, Harvey Wasserman, Dan Keller, and Charles Light were instrumental in organizing popular opposition to nuclear power and they helped establish several antinuclear organizations, including the Alternative Energy Coalition (AEC) to the Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS), Clamshell Alliance, Green Mountain Post Films (GMPF), Nuclear Objectors for a Pure Environment (NOPE), and Musicians United for Safe Energy (MUSE).
The Antinuclear Activism Collection contains the results of the grassroots opposition to nuclear power in Western Massachusetts. The bulk of the collection consists of a variety of publications produced or collected by a group of antinuclear activists in Franklin County, Mass., In addition to a large number of newspapers (e.g. Clamshell Alliance News) and pamphlets, the collection includes t-shirts, bumper stickers, buttons, ephemeral publications, notes, photographs, correspondence, and other information collected both for research purposes and to aid in public campaigns. Of particular interest are early minutes from a meeting of the Clamshell Alliance Coordinating committee (1977-1978), information on protests and occupations (1976-1980) at the Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant and the proposed facility in Montague and other similar facilities (e.g. Three Mile Island, Rocky Flats, Vermont Yankee) both domestic and international. The collection is part of the Famous Long Ago Archives and closely related to the AEC Collection (MS 586).
- Series 1. Organizations
- Series 2. Seabrook
- Series 3. Organizers and Activists
- Series 4. Ephemera
- Series 5. Publications and Newspaper Clippings
Series descriptions
Series 1 is organized into three major subcategories of antinuclear protest groups: local organizations (e.g. AEC, Clamshell, etc.), domestic organizations in the US at large, and international organizations. The local organizations are the main core of this series, and include the groups most closely related to antinuclear protests against the Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant specifically, and in New England more generally. These local organizations, while separate entities, were often closely interrelated and included overlap among both participants as well as founders. The domestic and international organizations reflect the wide reach of antinuclear sentiment in the 1970s and 1980s, and are sorted by state and country of origin respectively. The domestic and international groups often communicated with the local organizations via newsletters and correspondence, seeking contact, support, and advice from Clamshell founders and participants, and other local organizations.
Series 2 contains documents about the Seabrook occupation. Of special note are documents that outline the Clamshell Alliance's meeting notes, "occupier's handbook", planning, promotion, songs, and other correspondences related to the Seabrook protests and occupations between 1977-1980. Testimonials of protesters that were arrested, articles about Seabrook by Steve Diamond and Harvey Wasserman, photographs of the Seabrook occupation in 1977, published articles about the Seabrook protests, letters of support, and NRC and EPA reports about Seabrook are included in this series. More content about Seabrook is in the AEC collection (MS 586).
Series 3 consists of records relating to four major organizers and activists involved in multiple antinuclear organizations and movements: Steve Diamond, Anna Gyorgy, Sam Lovejoy, and Harvey Wasserman. The folders relating Diamond include personal correspondences about REMS, antinuclear protests, and letters from Raymond Mungo. More personal documents can be found in Series 1. Gyorgy, a member of the Montague Farm community, was an early leader in the protests against nuclear energy, helping to organize the AEC, and a founding member of the coalition that founded the Clamshell Alliance. The folders relating to Gyorgy include drafts and correspondence related to the publication of her book, NO NUKES: Everyone's Guide to Nuclear Power (South End Press 1979/1981), general correspondence with various individuals representing antinuclear and related groups worldwide, financial documents, and papers and notes from the Society for International Development (SID) Conference in Rome in 1985. The balance of the Gyorgy Papers are housed at SCUA with the Anna Gyorgy Papers, 1974-1988 (MS 631), and at Smith College. The folders relating to Lovejoy include published articles about nuclear energy, personal and official correspondences, and transcriptions from courtroom testimonials about nuclear power plants. The folders relating to Wasserman include drafts of articles he wrote on antinuclear topics, research documents, and correspondence.
Series 4 consists of ephemera items, such as antinuclear stickers, buttons, t-shirts, posters, photographs, comic books, song lyrics, and 45 rpm records. Of interest are stickers and buttons (in various languages) from various protests and gatherings.
Series 5 consists of undifferentiated newspapers and other publications (complete and partial) as collected by the members of the various local organizations. They were used for research into antinuclear, clean energy, and antiwar topics, as mementos of publicity related activities, and received unsolicited from other organizations both domestic and international. Of interest are domestic and internationally published antinuclear organizations newsletters (e.g. Abalone Alliance Newsletter, Liberation News Service). This series is incompletely processed and awaits inventorying.
Inventory
Series 1. Organizations
1970-1989
Alternate Energy Coalition
ca.1970-1980
Box 1: 1
Alternate Energy Coalition
1974-1980
Box 1: 2
Alternate Energy Coalition: Anti-Nuke Referendum
1974
Box 1: 3
Alternate Energy Coalition: Financial
1976-1978
Box 1: 4
Alternate Energy Coalition: No-Nukes Strategy Conference, Louisville, KY
1978
Box 1: 5
Alternate Energy Coalition: No-Nukes Strategy Conference, Louisville, KY: Conference Report
1978
Box 1: 6
Citizens Party
1980
Box 1: 7
Clamshell Alliance
1976-1977
Box 1: 8
Clamshell Alliance
1977
Box 1: 9
Clamshell Alliance
1977
Box 1: 10
Clamshell Alliance
1978
Box 1: 11
Clamshell Alliance
1979
Box 1: 12
Clamshell Alliance
1980
Box 1: 13
Clamshell Alliance: Anti-Draft, Anti-War
1980
Box 1: 14
Clamshell Alliance: Anti-Government Surveillance
1978
Box 1: 15
Clamshell Alliance: Letters from Members of US Military
1978
Box 1: 16
Clamshell Alliance: Oversize
1977
Box 1: 17
Clamshell Alliance: Oversize
1978-1980
Box 1: 18
Coalition for a Non-Nuclear World
1980
Box 1: 19
Coalition for a Non-Nuclear World: Publications
1980
Box 1: 20
Environmental Policy Center/Institute
1979-1980
Box 1: 21
Friends of the Earth
1978-1980
Box 1: 22
Friends of the Earth: Alternative Energy
ca.1980s
Box 1: 23
Green Mountain Post Films
1976-1978
Box 1: 24
Green Mountain Post Films
1978
Box 1: 25
Green Mountain Post Films
1980-1981
Box 1: 26
Green Mountain Post Films
1988
Box 1: 27
Green Mountain Post Films: Agent Orange
1972-1984
Box 1: 28
Green Mountain Post Films: Agent Orange: Publications
1971, 1980
Box 1: 29
Green Mountain Post Films: Coster, John
1982
Box 1: 30
Green Mountain Post Films: Financial
1979
Box 1: 31
Green Mountain Post Films: Keller, Dan
undated
Box 1: 32
Green Mountain Post Films: Light, Charles
1980-1981
Box 1: 33
Green Mountain Post Films: Proposal, Seven Days Proposal
1978
Box 1: 34
Green Mountain Post Films: Voices of the Spirit
1975
Box 1: 35
Green Mountain Post Films: Oversize
undated
Box 1: 36
Mass PIRG
1977-1979
Box 1: 37
Mobilization for Survival
1980-1981
Box 1: 38
MUSE: Concert: Photographs
1980
Box 1: 40
MUSE: Correspondence
1983-1984
Box 1: 41
MUSE: Requests for Information
1981-1984
Box 1: 42
Nuclear Objectors for a Pure Environment (NOPE)
1977-1980
Box 1: 43
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS)
1978-1979
Box 1: 44
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS)
1978-1979
Box 1: 45
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS)
1978-1979
Box 1: 46
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS): Articles to Reprint
1978-1979
Box 1: 47
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS): Articles to Reprint
1978-1979
Box 1: 48
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS): Contacts, News Outlets
1978
Box 2: 49
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS): Groupe de Bellerive
1979
Box 2: 50
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS): Groupe de Bellerive: Publications, Swiss
1979
Box 2: 51
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS): Publicity Materials
1978
Box 2: 52
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS): Mungo, Raymond
1979
Box 2: 53
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS): Subscription Requests
1978
Box 2: 54
Renewable Energy Media Service (REMS): Survey of Editors
ca.1978
Box 2: 55
Domestic: General
undated
Box 2: 57
Domestic: Alaska
ca.1980
Box 2: 58
Domestic: California
1967-1980
Box 2: 59
Domestic: Colorado
ca.1970-1980
Box 2: 60
Domestic: Connecticut
ca.1980s
Box 2: 61
Domestic: Delaware
1977
Box 2: 62
Domestic: Florida
1978-1981
Box 2: 63
Domestic: Hawaii
1979
Box 2: 64
Domestic: Illinois
1979-1980
Box 2: 65
Domestic: Indiana
1976-1980
Box 2: 66
Domestic: Iowa
ca.1978
Box 2: 67
Domestic: Kansas
1979
Box 2: 68
Domestic: Kentucky
1976-1980
Box 2: 69
Domestic: Louisiana
1978
Box 2: 70
Domestic: Maryland
1980
Box 2: 71
Domestic: Massachusetts
1974-1988
Box 2: 72
Domestic: Massachusetts: Free Valley Advocate
1974
Box 2: 73
Domestic: Massachusetts: Rowe
1974-1988
Box 2: 74
Domestic: Michigan
1979-1980
Box 2: 75
Domestic: Minnesota
ca.1980
Box 2: 76
Domestic: Minnesota: Northern Sun News
1980
Box 2: 77
Domestic: Missouri
ca.1974-1978
Box 2: 78
Domestic: Montana
1978, 1980
Box 2: 79
Domestic: New Hampshire
1977-1979
Box 2: 80
Domestic: New Jersey
1979
Box 2: 81
Domestic: New Mexico
1979-1980
Box 2: 82
Domestic: New York
1978-1980
Box 2: 83
Domestic: Ohio
1976-1980
Box 2: 84
Domestic: Oklahoma
1980
Box 2: 85
Domestic: Oklahoma: Silkwood, Karen
ca.1978
Box 2: 86
Domestic: Oklahoma: Supporters of Silkwood
1979
Box 2: 87
Domestic: Oregon
1978-1980
Box 2: 88
Domestic: Pennsylvania
1975-1981
Box 2: 89
Domestic: Pennsylvania: Three Mile Island
1979-1980s
Box 2: 90
Domestic: Pennsylvania: Three Mile Island
1979-1980s
Box 2: 91
Domestic: Pennsylvania: Three Mile Island
1979-1980s
Box 2: 92
Domestic: Pennsylvania: Three Mile Island
1979-1980s
Box 2: 93
Domestic: Pennsylvania: Three Mile Island: PANE Pill
1979-1980
Box 2: 94
Domestic: Pennsylvania: Three Mile Island: TMIA
1980
Box 2: 95
Domestic: Rhode Island
1980
Box 2: 96
Domestic: South Dakota
1979-1980
Box 2: 97
Domestic: South Dakota: Black Hills Paha Sapa Report
1980
Box 2: 98
Domestic: Tennessee
ca.1980s
Box 2: 99
Domestic: Texas
1978-1980s
Box 2: 100
Domestic: Vermont
1978-1980
Box 2: 101
Domestic: Washington, D.C.
1978-1984
Box 3: 102
Domestic: Washington, D.C.: People and Energy (Karen Silkwood)
1979
Box 3: 103
Domestic: Washington State
1980
Box 3: 104
Domestic: Wisconsin
1979-1981
Box 3: 105
Worldwide
1970s-1980s
Box 3: 106
International: General
1979-1980s
Box 3: 107
International: Australia
1980
Box 3: 108
International: Austria
1978-1980
Box 3: 109
International: Bangladesh
ca.1980
Box 3: 110
International: Canada
1977-1978
Box 3: 111
International: China
ca.1980
Box 3: 112
International: Denmark
1977
Box 3: 113
International: Finland
1979
Box 3: 114
International: France
1980
Box 3: 115
International: Germany
1970s-1980s
Box 3: 116
International: Germany: Brunsbuttel
1978
Box 3: 117
International: India
ca.1970s
Box 3: 118
International: Indonesia
1970s
Box 3: 119
International: Japan
1977-1979
Box 3: 120
International: Kenya
1976
Box 3: 121
International: Marshall Islands
ca.1969
Box 3: 122
International: Netherlands
1980
Box 3: 123
International: Nicaragua
1988
Box 3: 124
International: Pakistan
1970s
Box 3: 125
International: Philippines
1977-1979
Box 3: 126
International: Philippines
1977-1979
Box 3: 127
International: Philippines
1977-1979
Box 3: 128
International: Philippines: Publications
1977-1979
Box 3: 129
International: Philippines: Oversize
1977-1979
Box 3: 130
International: South Africa
1980
Box 3: 131
International: South Korea
1977-1978
Box 3: 132
International: Switzerland
1979
Box 3: 133
International: Taiwan
1970s
Box 3: 134
International: Thailand
1970s
Box 3: 135
International: United Kingdom
1980
Box 3: 136
Series 2. Seabrook
1977-1985
Seabrook: Arrestees' Testimonials
1977
Box 3: 5
Seabrook: EPA Report
1977
Box 3: 6
Seabrook: Letters of Support
1977
Box 3: 7
Seabrook: NRC Report
1978
Box 3: 8
Seabrook: Occupation: Photographs
1979
Box 3: 9
Seabrook: Occupation: Planning
1976
Box 3: 10
Seabrook: Occupation: Summary
1979
Box 3: 11
Seabrook: Wasserman, Harvey: Articles
1977-1978
Box 3: 12
Seabrook: Oversize: Newsletter
1980
Box 3: 13
Seabrook: Oversize: Publicity
1979
Box 3: 14
Series 3. Organizers and activists
1972-1990
Diamond, Steve: Correspondence
1978-1979
Box 3: 1
Gyorgy, Anna: Articles, Notes
1974-1983
Box 3: 2
Gyorgy, Anna: Correspondence
1976-1979
Box 3: 3
Gyorgy, Anna: Correspondence
1980-1981
Box 3: 4
Gyorgy, Anna: Correspondence
undated
Box 3: 5
Gyorgy, Anna: Financial
1980-1981
Box 3: 6
Gyorgy, Anna: Franklin County Women's Coalition Journal
1974
Box 3: 7
Gyorgy, Anna: Midnight Notes (Publication)
1979
Box 3: 8
Gyorgy, Anna: "No Nukes" Book
ca.1980
Box 3: 9
Gyorgy, Anna: "No Nukes" Book: Review
1980
Box 3: 10
Gyorgy, Anna: Nuclear-Free Pacific Conference, Hawaii
1980
Box 3: 11
Gyorgy, Anna: Society for International Development (SID) Conference, Rome
1985
Box 4: 12
Gyorgy, Anna: Society for International Development (SID) Conference, Rome
1985
Box 4: 13
Gyorgy, Anna: Society for International Development (SID) Conference, Rome: Plenaries
1985
Box 4: 14
Gyorgy, Anna: Society for International Development (SID) Conference, Rome: A Panels
1985
Box 4: 15
Gyorgy, Anna: Society for International Development (SID) Conference, Rome: B Panels
1985
Box 4: 16
Gyorgy, Anna: Society for International Development (SID) Conference, Rome: C Panels
1985
Box 4: 17
Gyorgy, Anna: Society for International Development (SID) Conference, Rome: Panels, Various
1985
Box 4: 18
Gyorgy, Anna: Oversize
1978-1979
Box 4: 19
Lovejoy, Sam
1972-1976
Box 4: 20
Lovejoy, Sam
1976-1980
Box 4: 21
Wasserman, Harvey: Articles
1974-1990
Box 4: 22
Wasserman, Harvey: Correspondence
1978-1980
Box 4: 23
Series 4. Ephemera
1976-1989
"The Atom, Electricity, and You!", New England Electric System
1976-1980
Box 4: 1
"Cover-Up Lowdown" Comic Book
1977
Box 4: 3
Photographs: Long, Clarence D.
undated
Box 4: 4
Photographs: Misc.
undated
Box 4: 5
Photographs: Nader, Ralph (Subject)
1979
Box 4: 6
Record: Morris, Ede: "People Generating Energy, Must Never Be" 45 rpm
undated
Box 4: 8
Record: Peter, Paul, and Mary: "El Salvador" 45 rpm
1983
Box 4: 9
Song Lyrics
undated
Box 4: 10
Stickers: Smiling Sun: Various Languages
undated
Box 4: 11
Seabrook: Oversize: Postcards, Stickers
ca.1977
Box 5: 12
Stickers: Oversize: Anti-Nuke
undated
Box 5: 13
Stickers: Oversize: "No Nukes," Postcards, Stamp
ca.1980
Box 5: 14
Posters: Anti-Nuke poster (German), "Karen Silkwood" Posters, Ionizing Radiation body diagram, Stop nuclear power Seabrook, Dr. Helen Caldicott, Ground Zero
ca.1979
Box COS 1:
Anti-Nuke Buttons
undated
Box 5:
T-Shirts, "Women on the Earth"
ca.1980
Box 5:
Series 5. Publications
1970-1989
Administrative information
Search terms
Subjects
- Antinuclear movements--Massachusetts
- Green Mountain Post Films
- Gyorgy, Anna
- Lovejoy, Sam
- Musicians United For Safe Energy
- Peace movements--Massachusetts
- Renewable Energy Media Service
- Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant (N.H.)
- Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant (Pa.)
- Wasserman, Harvey, 1945-
Genres and formats
- Buttons (Information artifacts)
- Ephemera
- Photographs
- T-shirts
Link to similar SCUA collections