Background on Henry Gustave Reinsch
Henry Gustave Reinsch was born in Germany on July 4, 1888, "a day when Americans were celebrating their freedom." After immigrating to the United States in 1906 and obtaining citizenship in 1912, Reinsch became well known in the lumber business, earning $10,000 a year as a buyer for the Northwest Door Company. He married an American woman named Bernice with whom he had at least two children. Although he maintained contact with family in Germany, Reinsch took his new citizenship to heart, registering for the draft during the First World War.
Ten months into the Second World War, however, on October 13, 1942, Agents Doig and Shafter of the FBI called on Reinsch at his Tacoma office. The agents had been instructed to interview the Reinschs as part of the FBI's Custodial Detention Index (CDI). Started by FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover in the 1930s, the CDI was intended as a means of categorizing possible subversives from "most dangerous" to "least dangerous." Leads were developed through "citizen reports ... subscription lists of German, Italian, and Communist newspapers, membership in proscribed organizations, and informant and agent reports on meetings and demonstrations" (Fox, 2000). Technically unauthorized (Attorney General Francis Biddle condemned the index when he found out about it), CDI agents were not to be taken lightly (Stone, 1980): "[I]f you don't want to cooperate with us we'll take you up to headquarters," Doig warned. "We want your wife to be present at this questioning also." Reinsch brought Doig and Shafter home with him unannounced so that Bernice would not have a chance to destroy any evidence before the agents arrived.
The interview quickly became uncomfortable. The Reinschs' comments on Germany, Jews, concentration camps, Walter Winchell, and President Roosevelt had Doig taking notes and warning that some of their remarks were becoming "very ill advised." Less than nine months later, United States District Judge Lloyd L. Black ("the black judge" as the Reinschs came to call him) ruled that the "defendant [was] not entitled to and [could not] retain American citizenship." In August, Reinsch's citizenship was officially revoked and he was ordered by Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt to move out of the Pacific Military Zone. Reinsch was not permitted to return to Tacoma until February 1944 when military zoning orders were dismissed by western defense command.
During the 1942 meeting in which Doig and Shafter warned the Reinschs that some of their comments were "ill advised," Bernice countered with an argument that her husband later adopted as he fought to defend his innocence: "If Walter Winchell can go on the air every Sunday night and blast his dirty lies across the country," she said, "I certainly can say what I please in my own home." In the context of an unauthorized FBI interview, Bernice's point did not hold much sway, however, and on August 15, 1943, around the time that Henry's citizenship was officially revoked, Bernice wrote a letter to Judge Black. "This is America. Where you can have your say about anything without fear or worry. Where freedom of speech is a right nobody can take away from you. This is your America. Keep it free." She refers to the "This is America" series of wartime propaganda posters. Bernice writes of an encounter she had with a Tacoma woman, an acquaintance of Judge Black, who said "she worked on [the Reinsch] case and made a special trip to Seattle to see [Black] about it."
Bernice accused the judge of using evidence not presented in court to make his decision, an accusation that, if true, would nullify his verdict. Quoting her congressman, Bernice argues that "[t]oo many federal Judges consider themselves part of the Department of Justice instead of the Judiciary and as long as this condition exists, no man can go into a federal court and get a fair trial."
In November of 1944, still working for the Northwest Door Company, Reinsch began his appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court. On March 12, 1945, Judges Garrecht, Mathews, and Stephens officially overturned Judge Black's decision, citing Baumgartner v. the United States, where "it was necessary [for the government] to establish disloyalty previous to naturalization, in order to take citizenship away from a foreign born."
Little is known of Henry Gustave Reinsch's subsequent life. He spent time in Monte Sano Hospital and Sanitarium in Los Angeles in 1947 with stomach hemorrhages. The distance from his home in Washington to the luxurious hospital in California suggests that he was aware of the severity of his condition and was prepared for a lengthy stay. A short article from 1967 titled "Downtown Car Crash Brings Injuries to Four" reveals that Henry had moved to California and married a woman named Ruth. He died in 1970, at 81 years of age, and Ruth died seven years later.
